1. Fundamentals of Biochemistry Third Edition Fundamentals of Biochemistry Third Edition Chapter 4 Amino Acids Chapter 4 Amino Acids Copyright © 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Donald Voet Judith G. Voet Charlotte W. Pratt

2. Therefore, an alpha amino acid

3. Figure 4-2 amphoteric = acid and base functionality zwitterion = both positive and negative charges on ion

4. Table 4-1 part 1

5. Figure 4-4

6. Table 4-1 part 2

7. Table 4-1 part 3

8. Figure 4-5

9. Table 4-1 part 4

10. Figure 4-7

11. The formation of a peptide bond

12. The formation of a disulfide bond

13. Lettering the carbons on the side chains

14. The formation of a polypeptide Calculate this peptide’s isoelectric point (pI)

15. Figure 4-9 Determining the optical activity of a molecule “L” and “D” are not related to this

16. Enantiomers are stereoisomers related by a reflection Stereoisomers with more than one chiral center are diastereomers – consider isoleucine

17. Emil Fischer (1891)

18. All biologically used amino acids are in the L- configuration

19. The “other” stereoisomer convention

20. Many drugs are amino acid analogues

22. Non-standard, but biologically interesting, amino acids

25. Spontaneous cyclization of the three amino acids (out of 238) creates the fluorophore