1. Interdependence and the Environment
17/05/16
Interdependence and the Environment
Be able to use keywords to describe a food chain or food web.
Draw and interpret pyramids of number and biomass.
Describe the processes involved in the carbon cycle.

2. Food chains What do the following key terms mean? Carnivore -
Herbivore -
Omnivore -
Predator -
Prey -
Consumer -
Producer -

3. Food chains Carnivore – eats animals Herbivore – eats plants
Omnivore eats plants and animals
Predator – hunts other animals
Prey – hunted by other animals
Consumer – eats
Producer - plant

4. Copy down this food chains and describe each organism using the keywords discussed earlier.

5. Food webs

6. Sketch out this food web and answer the following questions:
1. Name a carnivore 2. Name a herbivore 3. Name a producer 4. Where do producers get their energy from? 5. Name an omnivore 6. Name the top 2 predators.

7. Pyramids of numbers
These show the numbers of each organism in the food chain.

8. Pyramids of numbers – not always as simple as we would like.

9. Pyramids of numbers

10. Pyramids of biomass
What is biomass? This is the amount of living material.

11. Pyramids of biomass

12. Pyramids of biomass

13. How efficient are food chains?
Energy is lost along the way:
sunlight is reflected off leaves instead of being used for photosynthesis.
respiration as heat.
excretion and waste.
movement.

14. Energy Transfer
Pyramid of Biomass

15. Energy Transfer
Pyramid of Biomass

16. Energy Transfer
Energy transfer

17. Energy Transfer
Energy transfer

18. Cabbage
Rabbit
Fox
100J
10J 1J

19. The Carbon Cycle This shows the flow of carbon within the environment.
Some processes add carbon.
Some processes take carbon away.

20. Photosynthesis
Burning fossil fuels
Respiration
Feeding
Decay

21. The Carbon Cycle - keywords
Carbon Dioxide
Sugars
Photosynthesis
Respiration
Combustion (burning)
Decay or decompose
Bacteria
Feeding
Waste

22. Decomposers The most important decomposers are bacteria and fungi.
Bacteria under an electron microscope
Fungus (mould)
© HEB

23. What Cattle do with Food
What is the energy loss due to respiration?
Just 4%
Efficiency = useful output
total energy input

24. Energy flow diagram
The size of the arrows indicates the amount of energy.

25. Changes in populations
A population is a group of the same organisms living in a particular area e.g. there were 1887 humans living in Hawarden village in 2015.

26. Which bird suffered the greatest decrease between 1970 and 2010.

27. Which bird suffered the greatest decrease between 1970 and 2010.
% decrease = population loss / original population
60%
74%
68%

29. MEASURING ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE

30. We can measure environmental change using scientific instruments
We can measure environmental change using scientific instruments. We can measure rainfall using a rain gauge.
How it works

31. We can measure temperature using a temperature probe or a thermometer.

32. Oxygen levels in water can be measured with an oxygen probe.

33. LIVING INDICATORS

34. Freshwater shrimp (can live in slightly polluted water)
Mayfly nymph (only found in clean water – high oxygen levels)
Sludgeworms (can live in very polluted water – low oxygen levels)

36. We can use lichens as indicators of air pollution
We can use lichens as indicators of air pollution. Lichens are very sensitive to the sulfur dioxide (SO2) which is produced when fossil fuels are burned.

37. Can you explain the distribution of the different types of lichen on the map?
Crusty and leafy lichens – can cope with low levels of SO2.
Leafy lichens – prefer very clean air
© HEB