1. Dairy Breeds and Selection

2. Objectives: n Major Breeds of Dairy Cattle n Dairy Terms and Definitions n Parts of a Dairy Cow n Dairy Traits and Selection

3. Holstein n Black and White or Red and White color pattern n Large sized n Heavy milk producers

4. Jersey n Color varies (light gray to dark fawn being darker around head and hips) n Medium sized n Produces more pounds of milk per body weight than any other dairy breed.

5. Guernsey n Red (Fawn) and White in color n Medium sized n High milk production to feed intake ratio n Milk is high in betacarotene

6. Brown Swiss n Solid brown, varying from very light to dark n Large sized n Light colored band around the muzzle n One of the oldest Dairy breeds

7. Ayrshire n Red and white in color (amount varies) n Medium sized n Purebred Ayrshires only produce red offspring n Average milk production

8. Milking Shorthorn n Red and white or any combination of red and white n Dual purpose breed n Split from the American Shorthorn Association in 1949

9. Milking Devon n Red in color n Triple purpose (Draft, beef, milk) n Medium sized

10. Review Jersey

11. Review Milking Shorthorn

12. Review Brown Swiss

13. Review Guernsey

14. Review Milking Devon

15. Review Ayrshire

16. Review Holstein

17. Major Breeds of Dairy Cattle Quiz 12 34

18. 56 7

19. Major Breeds of Dairy Cattle Quiz Answers 1. Brown Swiss2. Holstein 3. Milking Devon4. Guernsey

20. Major Breeds of Dairy Cattle Quiz Answers 5. Ayrshire6. Milking Shorthorn 7. Jersey

21. Terms á bull - Mature male dairy animal á cow - Mature female dairy; shows evidence of having produced one or more calves á heifer - female dairy animal that has not borne a calf

22. Terms á calf - male or female dairy animal under one year of age á springer - cow showing signs of pregnancy á breed characteristics - physical traits that differentiate on breed from another

23. Dairy Breeds and Selection Terms á dairy character - characteristics indicating the animal will be useful in the dairy industry á butterfat - percent of fat in the milk á milk production - amount in pounds of milk that a cow produces during a lactation period 1/7 2 nd per.

24. Terms á lactation - span of time that a cow is giving milk á discrimination - defect that is undesirable á disqualification - statement that means an animal cannot be registered, or, in the show ring, is not eligible to win a prize

25. Terms á dairy herd improvement records (DHI) production records kept on producing dairy cattle á mammary system - parts of the cow directly responsible for producing and storing milk á disposition - manner in which an animal acts; quiet, docile, vicious á pedigree - register of lines of ancestry

26. Can you remember what you’ve studied? 1. What is a bull? 2. What is a heifer? 3. The percent of fat in the milk is called what? 4. A cow showing signs of pregnancy is considered what? 5. What is a cow?

27. Continued 6. What is the term for the span of time that a cow is giving milk? 7. What is the term for the amount in pounds of milk that a cow produces during a lactation period? 8. What is the term for the manner in which an animal acts? 9. DHI is an acronym for what? 10. The parts of the cow directly responsible for producing and storing milk is called what?

28. Continued 11. An undesirable defect is called a what? 12. What is the term used for register of lines of ancestry? 13. What is the term that means an animal cannot be registered or in the show ring, is not eligible to win a prize? 14. Bonus: What is the term used for a castrated male dairy animal?

29. Dairy Breeds and Selection Traits and Selection (Dairy Evaluation System) 1. Stature (measured at withers) points are awarded from 99 to 50 points - very tall 99 to very low set 50 points. 2. Chest and body (considering age and stage of lactation) points are awarded from 99 to 50 points - wide chest, deep rib, long body 99 to extremely narrow and frail 50 points.

30. Dairy Breeds and Selection Traits and Selection (Dairy Evaluation System) 3. Dairy character (independent of performance) points are awarded from 99 to 50 points - extremely sharp 99 to extremely thick 50 points. 4. Foot and shape (angle) points are awarded from 99 to 50 points - extremely steep angle 90 to extremely low angle 50 points.

31. Dairy Breeds and Selection Traits and Selection (Dairy Evaluation System) 5. Rear legs (side view) points are awarded from 99 to 50 points - extremely sickled 99 to extremely posty or overextended 50 points. 6. Pelvic angle points are awarded from 99 to 50 points - severe slope from hooks to pins 99 to pins clearly higher than hooks 50 points.

32. Dairy Breeds and Selection Traits and Selection (Dairy Evaluation System) 7. Rump width points are awarded from 99 to 50 points - extreme width of pelvic area 99 to extremely narrow pelvic area 50 points. 8. Fore udder attachment points are awarded from 99 to 50 points - extremely tight attachment 99 to extremely broken 50 points.

33. Dairy Breeds and Selection Traits and Selection (Dairy Evaluation System) 9. Rear udder width (at attachment) points are awarded from 99 to 50 points - extremely wide 99 to extremely narrow 50 points. 10. Rear udder height (at attachment) points are awarded from 99 to 50 points - extremely high 99 to extremely low 50 points. 2 nd per. 1/8

34. Dairy Breeds and Selection Traits and Selection (Dairy Evaluation System) 11. Teat placement (rear view) points are awarded from 99 to 50 points - base of teats extremely close 99 to extremely wide placement 50 points. 12. Suspensory ligament (cleft) points are awarded from 99 to 50 points - extreme cleft 99 to broken 50 points.

35. Dairy Breeds and Selection Traits and Selection (Dairy Evaluation System) 13. Udder depth (relative to point of hock) points are awarded from 99 to 50 points - extremely shallow, udder floor well above hock 99 to extremely deep 50 points.

36. Dairy Breeds and Selection Traits and Selection Milk Production Facts BreedPercent ButterfatPounds ButterfatPounds Milk Prod Holstein3.6670319,185 Ayrshire 3.9556914,398 Jersey4.7561813,020 Brown Swiss4.0360615,062 Guernsey 4.5761113,363 Think about this? 1. Which breed produced the most total pounds of milk? Why do think this is so? 2. Why would butterfat be important to milk? 3. What breed produced the lowest total pounds of butterfat? 4. What would you think the most popular breed of Dairy cattle would be judging from this data? Why? 5. What is the definition of milk production? Why would a cow be lactating?

37. Dairy Breeds and Selection Traits and Selection Terms n balance of symmetry - proper proportions and blending of parts. n clean - free from fat n cow-hocked - rear legs turned so that the hocks are close together and feet point out when viewed from the rear. n body capacity - total amount of volume exhibited by a cow and indicated by a combination of depth of fore and rear rib, length of barrel, spring of rib and depth of flank.

38. Terms (cont.) n quality - overall smoothness, blending of shoulders, and refinement of head and bone. n spring of rib - amount ribs arch out from the backbone. n type - combination of characteristics that make an animal most useful for a specific purpose. n sickle-hocked - rear legs too curved when viewed from the side.

39. Dairy Breeds and Selection Traits and Selection Factors to Consider n General appearance - Cows with good general appearance are attractive, have femininity, vigor, stretch, scale and a harmonious blend of all parts. n Evaluate all parts of the cow when considering general appearance.

40. Terms (cont.) n Dairy character - a combination of characteristics that indicate a cow’s ability to convert feed into milk. Characteristics: angularity, freedom from coarseness, and evidence of milking ability with udder quality. n Udder - should be large enough to produce and store milk. Length, width, and depth determines capacity. Should be attached high and wide behind and carry well forward in front. Other factors: teat placement, size and prominence of mammary veins, and number and size of milk wells.

41. Dairy Breeds and Selection “Use What you have learned” 2 Which animal would be considered desirable? 2 What terms would you use to describe the differences? 2 Which animal shows the best general appearance? 2 Are these cows or heifers? Why?

42. Dairy Breeds and Selection “Use What you have learned” 2 Which animal would be considered desirable? 2 What terms would you use to describe the differences? 2 Which shows more dairy character? What are the indicators? 2 What about the udder?