1. Individual Character Bronfenbrenner’s Model Statistical information Table

2. Gender: Female Ethnicity: Aboriginal Age: Sixteen Education: Secondary education Location: Urban Family Make-up: Mother, father & sister Family Status: Low socio-economic status, sole income family Interests: Being with friends, meeting at local park with youth group Other Information: Learning to drive, alcoholic mother, works part time at local supermarket

3. The individual’s learning and development is influenced by each system directly or indirectly.

4. Is where interactions with the individual and the environment closest affect the development of the adolescent. The most proximal level of context to the individual. Individual Aboriginal Dreamtime Youth Volunteer Family Structure Female 16 Aboriginal Family Origin Mother, father & older sister Low self- confidence Urban Location Working Part-time Low Socio- economic status

5. Second closest to the individuals development which involves close connections with the microsystem Aboriginal origin best friend Peer Pressure truancy Educational authority Local WestPoint Neighbour- hood Individual WestPoint High School 7 Girls & 4 boy friends from school Friendships formed

6. Larger external system that doesn’t directly interact with the individual, but implements the child's development Sole parent Income Urban location Mother has an alcohol addiction Parents are Smokers Only one family car Limited access to get valuable resources Individual Mother Doesn’t work

7. Broad societal picture containing the core structures & values that compose a culture. Features include political, religious and educational values, health practices, appropriate standards for behaviour and appearance, and roles according to age, sex and ethnicity. Poor school attendance record Perception as low achievers with poor life outcomes Media & Society Individual “Dreamtime” Inequality Holistic spiritual belief Denied culture Health Care services Language and communication challenged Values not accepted Identity and self confidence is in jeopardy Schools trying to transform adolescents social class

10. The diagram below indicates how the individual is strongly influenced by their family make up, parental education qualifications and parenting styles (Boon, N/A) Mastery Self-efficacy Achievement Mother’s Work Father’s Work Mother’s Education Father’s Education Family Parenting Suspension

11. Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS). Population Characteristics: Social conditions of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people (2000) (Australian Social Trends No. 4102.0). Canberra: ABS James Cook University (n/a). Family, motivational and behavioural links to indigenous Australia (BOO07027). Townsville: Queensland Government. Reynolds, R. J. (2005). The education of Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander students: Repair or radical change. Childhood Education, 82(1), 31-36.