2. ©2015 Science Island 1 1 What does DNA stand for?

3. ©2015 Science Island 2 2 What is the function of DNA?

4. ©2015 Science Island 3 3 DNA is a polymer made of ___ monomers.

6. ©2015 Science Island 5 5 List the 4 nitrogen bases found in DNA and discuss how they pair up.

7. ©2015 Science Island 6 6 DNA nucleotides are joined by covalent bonds between the ___ of one nucleotide and the ___ ___ of the next.

8. ©2015 Science Island 7 7 Nitrogen bases in DNA are held together by ___ bonds.

9. ©2015 Science Island 8 8 The shape of the DNA molecule is like a twisted ladder and is called a ___ ___.

10. ©2015 Science Island 9 9 The double helix shape of DNA was first described in 1953 by ___ & ___.

11. ©2015 Science Island 10 The process of copying the DNA molecule is called ___ ___.

12. ©2015 Science Island 11 Briefly explain why DNA replication is necessary.

13. ©2015 Science Island 12 During DNA replication, the molecule unzips at ___ of ___ forming replication bubbles.

14. ©2015 Science Island 13 The result of DNA replication is two new ___ molecules, each with one strand from the original parent and one new strand.

15. ©2015 Science Island 14

16. ©2015 Science Island 15 List the 2 main steps or stages in protein synthesis.

17. ©2015 Science Island 16 Define gene.

18. ©2015 Science Island 17 20 different ___ ___ link together to form chains. A protein is composed of one or more of these ___ chains which are twisted and folded into a particular shape.

19. ©2015 Science Island 18 Your DNA contains the instructions for making your ___ and these determine your ___. Genotype Phenotype PROTEINS

21. ©2015 Science Island 2020 2020

22. 21 Name the 3 types of RNA described below: a)Transcribes the DNA code b)Primary component of the ribosome c)Carries an amino acid into position during translation

23. ©2015 Science Island 22 Fill in the missing step in transcription: 1.DNA strands separate 2.One side serves as a template 3.? 4.mRNA transcript is spliced 5.mRNA exits nucleus

24. ©2015 Science Island 2323 2323 Where does transcription take place? What is formed from this process?

25. ©2015 Science Island 2424 2424 Eukaryotic genes contain non-coding regions called ___ and coding regions called ___.

26. ©2015 Science Island 2525 2525 RNA ___ involves removing the introns and joining the exons together to form the mRNA transcript.

27. ©2015 Science Island 2626 2626 Where does the mRNA transcript go when it exits the nucleus?

28. ©2015 Science Island 2727 2727 Fill in the missing step in transcription: 1.mRNA attaches to a ribosome in the cytoplasm 2.? 3.Amino acids bond to form polypeptide chains

29. ©2015 Science Island 2828 2828 Briefly discuss the structure and function of ribosomes.

30. ©2015 Science Island 2929 2929

31. 3030 3030 What is the purpose of a codon chart like this?

33. ©2015 Science Island 3232 3232 Use this portion of the codon chart to determine the amino acid coded for by the mRNA codon UCA.

34. ©2015 Science Island 33 Any change in the DNA sequence is a ___.

36. ©2015 Science Island 3535 3535 List the two basic types of point mutations and explain why one type is usually worse than the other.

37. ©2015 Science Island