1. In Question: Copy & Answer in ISN WELCOME BACK! In Question: Copy & Answer in ISN

2. Venn Diagram (Glue it in ISN) Let’s Review handout from last class… Venn Diagram (Glue it in ISN) Cells Viruses

3. Use this Class Set to complete the Virus Notes Page for.. TEKS 4C 4C Compare the structure of viruses to cells, describe viral reproduction, and describe the role of viruses in causing diseases such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and influenza

4. Welcome to the Wonderful World of Viruses!

5. What type of cell is this?

9. The Common Cold: What causes it? A common cold is an illness caused by a virus infection located in the nose.

10. What is a virus? Viruses are particles of nucleic acid, protein, and sometimes lipids. They can only reproduce by infecting living cells.

11. What does a virus look like? They differ widely in size and structure. Size –1/100 of smallest bacteria - can only be seen with a powerful electron microscope Structure – inner core of DNA or RNA –A capsid or protein coat, surrounds the virus

14. Virus Structure Human Influenza Rabies VirusHIV Protein coat or head Chicken Pox Tail sheath Tail Fibers DNA

15. So…are viruses alive? Viruses have one thing in common. They ALL reproduce by: –Entering living cells, then use the cell’s machinery to produce more viruses. So….does it make them biotic or abiotic organisms?

16. Viruses are not alive! Viruses are not alive! Not made of cells Not made of cells Can’t grow Can’t grow Do not metabolize nutrients Do not metabolize nutrients Can’t reproduce without a host Can’t reproduce without a host Antibiotics can’t kill them because they’re not alive to begin with Antibiotics can’t kill them because they’re not alive to begin with

17. Origin? Ancient or Recent? Yet they are like living things because after infecting living cells, they can reproduce and even evolve. Possibly escaped nucleic acid that developed parasitic relationship with host cell Viruses more closely related to host cell than other viruses

18. Why We NEED Viruses VACCINATIONS –A vaccine is an immunity-producing substance formed from weakened, dead, or parts of viruses. –The “Flu Shot” is a weakened version of the flu virus. When injected, the vaccine triggers an immune response inside of your body so you will be prepared for the real thing.

19. Why We NEED Viruses POPULATION CONTROL –Introducing viruses specific to one kind of organism is a natural mechanism for population control. –Rabbits are not native to Australia and in the 1940s European rabbits were introduced to the Australian environment. –These rabbits caused significant amounts of damage to farmland and devastated the agricultural economy

20. Why We NEED Viruses POPULATION CONTROL CONTINUED… –Since the rabbits had no natural predators in Australia, scientists needed another way to control the population boom without introducing another foreign organism. –In 1950, biologists from Europe imported the Myxoma virus which was lethal in 99.8% of the infected rabbits. –The agricultural economy bounced back and the rabbit population has leveled out.

21. How Viruses are HARMFUL ILLNESS –There are many illnesses caused by viruses. Some examples are: HIV and AIDS Common Cold Flu Herpes Chicken Pox –Viral illnesses are often highly contagious and they can be spread easily through sexual contact, inhalation, or physical contact

22. How Viruses are HARMFUL ILLNESSES CONTINUED… –Can a viral infection (cold, flu) be cured by taking antibiotics used to combat bacterial infections? Since a virus is not alive, antibiotics used to fight living bacteria will not be effective on viral illnesses –Should you still take an antibiotic “just in case” or to help relieve your symptoms? This will lead to antibiotic resistance of your immune system, causing the antibiotic to lose effectiveness and you will to get sicker in the future

23. Diseases caused by Viruses 1.___________________ * 200 kinds of Viruses Symptoms include nasal discharge, obstruction of nasal breathing, swelling of the sinus membranes, sneezing, sore throat, cough, and headache. Common Cold

24. 2. ________________ Poliomyelitis is a crippling disease of spinal nerve cells caused by poliovirus infection. The disease can strike non-immune persons of any age but affects mainly children under the age of three, and causes paralysis in one case of every 200 to 1000 infections. Preventable by vaccination. Polio

25. 3. ______________________ Symptoms induced can include mosaic, mottling, necrosis, stunting, leaf curling, and yellowing of plant tissues. Tobacco Mosaic

26. Tulip Mosaic Causes streaks on white in a normally red tulip.

27. ___________ Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus, or HIV. HIV destroys the body's ability to fight infections by attacking cells of the immune system. STD AIDS/HIV

28. Transmission a. Sexual Contact b. Needles/Syringes c. Mother to Infant blood semen vaginal fluid breast milk other body fluids containing blood

29. ______________ The vast majority of cases reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) each year occur in wild animals like raccoons, skunks, bats, and foxes. Infects the central nervous system, causing encephalopathy and ultimately death. Rabies

30. 6. ______________ (Herpes simplex ) Chicken pox

31. 7. _____________ It usually occurs during adulthood after exposure to chicken pox in childhood. The chicken pox virus remains dormant in the body. An acute infection caused by a ractivation of the varicella zoster virus, which also causes chicken pox. Shingles

32. 11. _____________ Smallpox Small pox is a disease caused by poxvirus variola. Includes a three day prodromal illness characterized by fever, headache, backache, and vomiting.

33. 8. _____________ Most infected children will have a rash, high fever, cough, runny nose, and watery eyes. For every 1,000 children who get it, 1 or 2 will die from it Spreads so easily that any child who is not immunized will probably get it, either now or later in life. Measles

34. 9. ___________ Non-cancerous skin growths caused by a viral infection in the top layer of the skin. Viruses that cause them are called human papillomavirus (HPV). STD Warts

35. 10. _______________ HSV-2 usually produces only mild symptoms or signs or no symptoms at all. However, HSV-2 can cause recurrent painful genital sores in many adults, and HSV-2 infection can be severe in people with suppressed immune systems. Regardless of severity of symptoms, genital herpes frequently causes psychological distress in people who know they are infected. STD Herpes

36. 12. _____________ Ebola

37. The Common Cold: What causes it? A common cold is an illness caused by a virus infection located in the nose.

38. Viral Reproduction Handout…

39. Retroviruses Virus that contains RNA, is lysogenic, and therefore mutates frequently so that vaccination is impossible. HIV

40. How viruses cause disease… Viruses disrupt the body’s normal equilibrium by causing cells to “lyse” or break apart.

41. Infections: Viruses Infect Plants, Animals, & Bacteria Bacterial Virus- Bacteriophage 2 types :Lytic & Lysogenic (p.481)

42. Viral Reproduction Handout…

44. PROJECT: Viral Disease Foldable DUE TODAY!!!

45. GIZMO:GIZMO: VIRAL LYTIC CYCLE (6 th pd only) Get a Computer Log-in to www.explorelearning.comwww.explorelearning.com Click “Launch GIZMO” Read each question on the handout and complete the GIZMO as you answer the questions. Turn-In your work DUE IN 20 MIN. !!!

46. “OUT” Exit Ticket 1.What are bacteriophages? 2.What are retroviruses?

47. “Understanding Viruses” Video PART 1 (FRONT SIDE) Answer the Pre-Viewing questions on your own as you discuss them with your table. PART 2 (BACK SIDE) Answer the Post-Viewing questions while watching the video with the help of a “video buddy” as needed.