1. Earth Science
Mountain Building

2. A large mass of rock that rises above its base.
What is a Mountain?
A large mass of rock that rises above its base.

3. Orogeny

4. How Do You Build a Mountain?

5. Volcanism

7. Plate Tectonics

9. Folding
Pressures from within the earth sometimes fold rock layers into mountains and valleys.

10. Eastern United States Appalachians.
Folding
Eastern United States Appalachians.

12. 3 Main Types of Folds

13. This is when layers are folded upwards in what looks like an arch.
Anticlines
This is when layers are folded upwards in what looks like an arch.

14. The layers are symmetrical (look alike) to either side of its center.
Anticlines
The layers are symmetrical (look alike) to either side of its center.

15. This is when the rock layers are folded downward.
Synclines
This is when the rock layers are folded downward.

18. Monoclines
This is when the rock layer has a gently dipping bend in the horizontal rock layer.

19. When rocks are deformed (broken), they are displaced along fractures called FAULTS.

20. Movement along breaks or faults between huge blocks of rock.
Faulting
Movement along breaks or faults between huge blocks of rock.

21. Makes mountains that may be quite high and steep.

22. Types of Faults
Normal Fault

23. Also known as a GRAVITY FAULT because gravity causes the hanging wall to slip down.

24. Types of Faults
Reverse Fault

25. Also known as a THRUST FAULT, the hanging wall has slipped up in comparison to the foot wall.

27. Normal Fault
Reverse Fault

28. Types of Faults
Strike-Slip Fault

29. Two layers of rock are shifted horizontally or parallel to the fault plane.

31. Section of land lifted up near a divergent plate.
Horst
Section of land lifted up near a divergent plate.

32. Section of land lifted up near a divergent plate.
Horst
Section of land lifted up near a divergent plate.

33. Section of dropped land near a divergent plate.
Graben
Section of dropped land near a divergent plate.

34. Section of dropped land near a divergent plate.
Graben
Section of dropped land near a divergent plate.

36. Doming
The core of a dome mountain was once magma, which domed up the rocks above it into a sort of blister.

37. The Black Hills of South Dakota.
Doming
The Black Hills of South Dakota.

38. and pus from their burning lungs.

39. What Type of Mountain?

40. Fold Mountains

41. Dome Mountains

42. Fault Mountains

43. Collision Orogenies

44. Collision Orogenies

45. Himalaya is the highest mountain system in the world.

46. There are only six mountains more than five miles high in the entire world, and all six of them are in the Himalaya.

47. The name Himalaya comes from the Sanskrit language and means the House of Snow, or the Snowy Range.

48. Subduction Orogenies

52. Mountain Growth Limits

53. Lab: Isostasy

54. Various eruption types can be expressed as a function of height of eruption column and explosiveness.

56. Lava flows burn or bury everything they come across
Lava flows burn or bury everything they come across. This spectacular lava cascade was generated during the eruption of Mauna Ulu on the east rift zone of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii.

58. Cinder cones grow rapidly and soon approach their maximum size
Cinder cones grow rapidly and soon approach their maximum size.  They rarely exceed 250m in height and 500m in diameter.

61. Glacial Isostasy

62. Glacial Isostasy

63. Glacial Isostasy

64. Lab: Isostatic Rebound