3. Kinetic Energy (E K ) Energy an object has due to its motion Potential Energy (E P ) Energy an object has due to its position/location Mechanical Energy (ME) The total energy an object has due to its motion or position Conservation of Energy Mechanical Energy Before = Mechanical Energy After Units: Joules (J)

4. Work is the transfer of energy through motion Calculated by multiplying the magnitude of the applied force by the displacement covered in the direction of the force: Units = Newton-meter (N · m) = Joule (J) IMPORTANT: If θ = 0° cos θ = 1! F·Cos   F d

6. Work is independent of the path taken. Work depends only on the final and initial point. Work done is zero if the path is a closed loop We can always (and only) associate a potential energy with conservative forces. Examples of conservative forces: Gravity Spring Magnetic and Electric

7. Work does depend on the path taken! A force is non-conservative if it causes a change in mechanical energy This energy cannot be converted back into other forms of energy (irreversible). Examples of non-conservative forces: Friction Air Resistance

8. Work is a change in energy The amount of work you do on an object will change the amount of energy the object has by the same amount If work lifts, then: If work pushes to change an object’s velocity:

11. A car slides down an icy hill that has a height from top to bottom of 14.0 m. What is its speed when it hits the snow bank at the bottom of the hill? If the 1100 kg car came to a stop in a distance of 1.2 m, what was the average force exerted on the car by the snow bank?