1. GE6533: Language Learning Strategies Instruction Successful English Language Learning Inventory (SELL-In) ASHAIRI SULIMAN P 69346

2. Content of presentation Main findings from each language skills  The most preferred strategy  The least preferred strategy Discussion for each main findings Implications of the study

3. Listening Skill Most Preferred Strategy 1.Watching TV shows in the language 2.Listening to other people speaking the language 3.Watching movies of the language “I’ve been doing this for so long, ever since I was a kid. It’s addictive and I can relate the meaning of the word with what I’m watching” “I really like the way they speak and they are very fluent. I have always wanted to speak like them and this helps me in improving my English as well”

4. Listening Skill Least Preferred Strategy 1.Attending out-of-class event in target language 2.Imitating native speakers’ in their speech “The out-of-event allows me to argue in English and I can improve by listening to other people”.

5. Speaking Skill Most Preferred Strategy 1.Making the sounds of the language until I can say them well 2.Planning what to be said 3.Initiating conversation in the language “I make the sounds of the language until I can say them well because I prefer using practices so that I can listen on how I speak and pronounce the words until I get them correctly” “It will be easier to correct or plan the sentences that I’m going to say to prevent me from saying incorrect words or the wrong pronunciation”.

6. Speaking Skill Least Preferred Strategy 1.Seeking out opportunities to talk with native speakers 2.Using words from mother tongue but saying it like in the target language “I like this strategy because I like to talk with people who knows English better than I am, as often as possible so that I can improve my grammar” “Although I would call it as ‘direct translation’, it helps me to think of words that have the same meaning in my own language.

7. Writing Skill Most Preferred Strategy 1.Planning what to write 2.Asking someone for the words needed 3.Writing papers in the language “I plan what I am going to write in order to reduce mistakes” “By asking the teachers or my friends, I don’t have to open any book or dictionary. Sometimes, more information can be obtained” “I like to write what I think even it’s wrong. It is so much more fun and when I re-read it, I will immediately realise what I have written is wrong”

8. Writing Skill Least Preferred Strategy 1.Using words from mother tongue 2.Using spell checker on the computer

9. Reading Skill Most Preferred Strategy 1.Finding interesting reading materials 2.Reading materials several times to understand it 3.Read more than once “I find things to read that interest me because when I’m interested to that particular matter, I’ll be more focused to read and to understand the whole text” “I like this strategy because I like to understand by myself first, then I can teach others about what I discover” “By this, I can remember how to use the new words that I learn from the book”

10. Reading Skill Least Preferred Strategy 1.Paying attention to the organization of the text 2.Underlining important parts “I won’t forget what I am going to write in my essay” “It makes me focused in underlining words and also increases my knowledge”

11. Grammar Skill Most Preferred Strategy 1.Learning adjectives via songs 2.Learning prepositions through stories 3.Writing papers with proper grammatical structures “This is an informal way to study. Students are more inclined to memorise something with the help of music” “Reading helps me to remember and understand the proper way to use prepositions”

12. Grammar Skill Least Preferred Strategy 1.Using flashcards in learning determiners, singular and plural forms 2.Using adjective table “I have tried many ways to master my grammar. I use it in a conversation. With that, I can understand more and memorise it and use it” “It is much easier for me to differentiate my mistakes”

13. Vocabulary Skill Most Preferred Strategy 1.Using words in a variety of ways 2.Go over new words 3.Looking at the meaningful parts of the words “I like this strategy because I usually use new words by acting it out, saying it out loud, singing and many more” “I need to understand the meaning and try to remember so I can use the new words correctly” “This reminds me to the meaning of the word because I can memorise it easily”

14. Vocabulary Skill Least Preferred Strategy 1.Using flashcards in learning new words 2.Grouping words by word classes “This strategy helps me to differentiate every group of vocabulary”.

15. Discussion ‘Watching TV shows in the language’ - the most preferred listening strategy. Sundqvist & Sylven (2014) - films and TV shows are two sources of authentic English in Swedish society, other are music, digital games and many Internet sites in English. Vast exposure towards TV shows may contribute in learning the target language.

16. Discussion ‘Attending out-of-class event in target language’ - least preferred listening strategy. Less exposure in English language via outside classroom activities. Students rely much on the formal learning, happening in the class.

17. Discussion ‘Making the sounds of the language until I say them well’ - most favoured speaking strategy. Part of repetition - students will utter the sounds for many times in order to get them to say it correctly. Sachiyo (2014) - repeated tasks helps the learners in producing more speech.

18. Discussion ‘Seeking out opportunities to talk with native speakers’ – least preferred speaking strategy. Students do not have any opportunity to engage with any native speaker in their language learning process. Get the students mixing around with native speakers to help them in their speaking skill and indirectly, boosts their confidence.

19. Discussion ‘Plan what to write’ – most preferred writing strategy. Ridhuan & Abdullah (2009) - good students usually employ drafting to produce rough plans on how to present their essays and thus, spend more time on planning. Nooreiny & Mazlin (2013) revealed that thinking and planning is the most frequently used strategy in pre-writing stage.

20. Discussion ‘Using words from mother tongue’ – least preferred writing strategy. Contradicts Mohan (2013) - the use of mother tongue and translation can serve as a tool for improving language skills. Too much reliance on the L1 may undermine the interaction in English.

21. Discussion ‘Finding interesting reading materials’ – most preferred reading strategy. Pandian (2000) claims as ‘Malaysian students were reluctant to read for information or pleasure’. Thus, students should be encourage in finding reading materials that would help them to read more.

22. Discussion ‘Paying attention to the organization of the text’ – least favoured reading strategy. Marinova-Todd, Siegel & Mazabel (2013) - reading is a complex process that requires individuals to utilise many cognitive and linguistic skills. Masuhara (2009) - good readers not only understand what they have read but they are also able to relate it to their previous knowledge, evaluate the relevance of the information, analyse and evaluate the information, formulate opinions and substantiate their thinking.

23. Discussion ‘Learning adjectives via songs’ – most favoured grammar strategy. Roszainora et. al. (2012) - one of the ways to achieve the mastery of English is by using songs. The use of song not only helps understanding, it also stimulates and increases the students’ interest to learn, enjoy and engage in the learning process.

24. Discussion ‘Using flashcards in learning determiners, singular and plural forms’ - the least preferred strategy. Conventional method in English lesson. Roszainora et. al. (2012) - the use of conventional method in teaching English language is unattractive and can be very dull to the students.

25. Discussion ‘Using words in variety ways’ – most preferred vocabulary skill. Learning should be creative and innovative. Melor et. al. (2013) - an environment that promotes creativity and healthy competition are needed by these students in order to expand their potential and ability. Students should be given more freedom to explore the best strategy.

26. Implication Different language learners may employ different language learning strategies. Language learners need to define which strategy suits them the best. Language teachers should encourage their students to employ more strategies in order to learn the language in a more flexible and conducive environment.

27. THANK YOU…