1. BERLIN WALL-Cold War At the end of World War II, the Allied powers divided conquered Germany into four zones, each occupied by either the United States, Great Britain, France, or the Soviet Union In 1949, this new organization of Germany became official when the three zones occupied by the United States, Great Britain, and France combined to form West Germany (the Federal Republic of Germany). The zone occupied by the Soviet Union quickly followed by forming East Germany (the German Democratic Republic). The cooperative atmosphere of the occupation of Germany turned competitive and aggressive. Although an eventual reunification of Germany had been intended, the new relationship between the Allied powers turned Germany into West versus East, Democracy versus Communism.

2. BERLIN WALL-Cold War The Berlin Wall was built in 1961 because too many people were fleeing Soviet-controlled East Berlin to escape to West Berlin. Hundreds of East Germans were shot to death or died trying to escape to freedom. The Berlin Wall was erected in the dead of night and for 28 years kept East Germans from fleeing to the West. Streets were torn up, and barricades of paving stones were erected. Tanks gathered at crucial places. Inhabitants of East Berlin and the German Democratic Republic (GDR-East Berlin) were no longer allowed to enter West Berlin, amongst them 60,000 commuters who had worked in West Berlin.

3. AMERICA’S COMMERCE CONCERNS WITH BERLIN The Communist notion of capitalism is that it is a market economy, an economy of “free trade, free selling and buying,” While the profit of any enterprise is equally shared by all the people in communism, the profit in a capitalist structure belong to the private owner only. While the private party controls the resources in capitalism, it is the society that controls the whole means of production in communism.

4. Vietnam War-Cold War The causes of the Vietnam War and the subsequent war itself were classic symptoms, components and consequences of the Cold War. The causes of the Vietnam War revolve around the simple belief held by America that communism was threatening to expand all over south-east Asia. Neither the Soviet Union nor the United States could risk a war against each other such was the nuclear military might of both. However, when it suited both, they had client states that could carry on the fight for them. In Vietnam, the Americans actually fought - therefore in the Cold War ‘game’, the USSR could not. However, to support the Communist cause, the Soviet Union armed its fellow Communist state, China, who would, in turn, arm and equip the North Vietnamese who fought the Americans.

5. Vietnam War-Cold War Before World War Two, Vietnam had been part of the French Empire. During the war, the country had been overrun by the Japanese. When the Japanese retreated, the people of Vietnam took the opportunity to establish their own government lead by Ho Chi Minh. However, after the end of the war, the Allies gave back South Vietnam to the French while the north was left in the hands of the non-communist Chinese. The Nationalist Chinese treated the North Vietnamese very badly and support for Ho Chi Minh grew. He had been removed form power at the end of the war. The Chinese pulled out of North Vietnam in 1946 and the party of Ho Chi Minh took over - the Viet Minh.

6. Vietnam War-Cold War The French put themselves into a difficult military position. Despite huge American help, the French could not cope with the Viet Minh's guerrilla tactics.

7. JFK Occasion/Context America was in 2 wars simultaneously, which was a drain on the economy of America. We were in both wars because America feared the goal of Communism was to spread to capitalist states and that the only way to stop it was to “contain” it within its present borders. The theory came about which stated that if one state in a region were to fall to Communism, then the surrounding states would inevitably fall as well. These concepts were to dominate and guide US foreign policy for much of the Cold War. (Berlin and Vietnam)

8. 8 Effective 1.Reading for comprehension of Kennedy’s rhetorical Purpose; 2. Identifying features of the text that illustrated elements of rhetorical strategies; 3.Explaining these strategies in the context of the speech; 4.Explaining the logic by which the selected strategies work (or fail to work) to advance Kennedy’s rhetorical purpose.

9. Where’s My Unicorn What will it take for students to score 7s, 8s, and 9s Sparkle: students who can use the rhetorical techniques we teach them (metaphors, parallelism, anaphora, humor (satire), antithesis... Any of it. Diction: Should be mature, scholarly Grammar: sophisticated sentences (periodic sentences, semi-colons, em-dash, colons, varied syntax in general) Uniqueness: point of view, evidence, analysis, writing style Focus, structure, completion: You can follow the essay without fail.

10. The Details... Complete a rough draft Have it peer edited Create a final draft using MLA Format The organization is as follows: – Final Draft (Printed Out) – Peer Edit rough draft – Essay Prompt annotated