4. Biological Evolution concerns changes in living things during the history of life on Earth. Explains that living things share common ancestors. Over time, biological processes such as natural selection give rise to new species. Darwin called this process "descent with modification"

5. Biological Evolution Natural selection: Environment impacts who lives to produce offspring Survival of the fittest: Lion King

6. Evidence Supporting Biological Evolution The fossil record Age of the Earth Homologous or Common Structures Distribution of Species Similarities during development (embryos) DNA and Molecular Evidence

7. Evolution Descent with modification A long path leads from the origins of primitive "life," which existed at least 3.5 billion years ago. This path is best understood as a product of evolution.

8. Eye Evolution

9. Evolution’s Key “Small change over unimaginable blocks of time” -Darwin

10. The Fossil Record The fossil record thus provides consistent evidence of systematic change through time of descent with modification.

11. The Fossil Record The fossil record clearly shows that change followed change on Earth. So critters also had to change along with the Earth, or go extinct.

12. The Missing Link Many pieces of the fossil record are missing…why? It is unusual for organisms to fossilize It is difficult to find and preserve those fossils that do exist most organisms die and leave no trace.

13. Life Form Millions of Years Since First Known Appearance (Approximate) Microbial (procaryotic cells)3,500 Complex (eucaryotic cells)2,000 First multicellular animals670 Shell-bearing animals540 Vertebrates (simple fishes)490 Amphibians350 Reptiles310 Mammals200 Nonhuman primates60 Earliest apes25 Australopithecine ancestors of humans 4 Modern humans0.15 (150,000 years)

14. Age of the Earth 4.5 billion years

15. Centuries of Earth’s layers

17. Homologous Structures

18. Con’t Structures Look at differences and similarities among the skeletons Homologous structures - parts of different organisms, often quite different, that developed from the same ancestral body parts.

19. Homologous structures

20. Other Structures Vestigial organs - structure that serves no useful purpose or function in an organism. Why do organs become vestigial? Mutation Why would those changes be passed on? Didn’t harm the organism

21. The Distribution of Species Life on the separate Continents Evolved differently Australian animal life is very different

22. Galapagos Finches

23. The Distribution of Species

24. Similarities During Development Embryology

25. Similarities During Developmen t what does this mean? Early stages of development are repeated

26. Whales evolved from a land mammal

27. DNA and Molecular Biology Evidence

28. ALL ATP is the energy carrier found in ALL living organisms

29. DNA and Molecular Biology Evidence ALL ALL LIVING ORGANISMS USE DNA AND/OR RNA THE DNA BASE SEQUENCES ARE VERY SIMILAR FOR SIMILAR SPEICES

30. DNA and Molecular Biology Evidence A wide variety of complicated proteins (like cytochrome C) are shared by many organisms. ALL ALL living things are carbon based.

31. Creationism and the Evidence for Evolution

32. Is life a tree with a common ancestor for the trunk?

33. Evolution: Online Lessons for Students: Activity 2- Evidence for Evolution WebQuest Evidence Supporting Biological Evolution | Science and Creationism: A View from the National Academy of Sciences, Second Edition

34. Essay Exam http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/index.html

35. Areas of Interest on the Site Darwin Change Extinction Survival Sex Humans Religion Student Lesson/Online Lessons (Use Quicktime for Videos)

36. Evolution: Survival: Microbe Clock

37. Darwin Observed Nature

38. Darwin’s Premises Individuals vary Organisms produce more offspring than will survive Population remains fairly constant Environment is constantly changing

39. Darwin Concluded Competition: only some survive Most fit traits survive & reproduce The genetic variation that increases fitness will eventually appear in the whole population

40. Hardy Weinberg No change in the gene pool if……

41. Hardy Weinberg Mating is random Mutations do not occur No immigration or emigration Large population or allele frequency is high Natural selection is not operating