1. Tackling communications surveillance in SA Murray Hunter Right2Know Campaign @r2kcampaign www.r2k.org.za

2. RICA: the good, the bad... … the unlawful

3. Reference points Media Policy & Democracy Project (MPDP) research Collaboration between UNISA and UJ communications studies See mediaanddemocracy.com/communication-surveillance.html “Necessary & Proportionate” Principles International Principles on the Application of Human Rights to Communications Surveillance * See necessaryandproportionate.org

4. Legal framework The Constitution Section 14: protects right to privacy – subject to reasonable limitation. Chapter 11: intelligence officials may not obey an illegal order; security structures may not prejudice or advance political party interests. National security mandate In 2013, a new law was passed that limited the SSA's intelligence mandate (General Intelligence Laws Amendment Act). As a result “Lawful political activity, advocacy, protest or dissent” is explicitly excluded from definition of 'national security'

5. Mapping out intelligence structures Military Intelligence

6. How RICA works (sort of) Metadata stored for 3-5 years RICA judge for “real time” interception Any magistrate for archived metadata

7. The Matthews Commission (2008) Download: r2k.org.za/matthews-commission

8. The Matthews Commission (2008) Download: r2k.org.za/matthews-commission NCC… “Unlawful and unconstitutional”

9. Stories of surveillance More at bigbrother.r2k.org.za

14. Stories of surveillance Mzilikazi wa Afrika & Stephan Hofstatter (Sunday Times): metadata intercepted by Crime Intelligence via phony warrant

15. Stories of surveillance Sam Sole (AmaBhungane): transcripts of conversations between journalist and source submitted in court

16. Stories of surveillance Paul Scheepers (suspended Cpt in Crime Intelligence): facing charges for using phony warrants to intercept metadata & for selling “Grabber”

17. Viewing critics and dissenters as “threats” to national security

18. Where are the watchdogs? 1. RICA judge(s) Currently Justice Yvonne Mokgoro (previously on Con Court)

19. Source: r2k.org.za/secrecy-report-2014

20. Where are the watchdogs? 2. Inspector General of Intelligence

21. Where are the watchdogs? 2. Inspector General of Intelligence

22. Where are the watchdogs? 3. Joint Standing Committee on Intelligence

23. Where are the watchdogs? 3. Information Regulator (POPI) - tbc

24. UN Human Rights Committee (2016) “...concerned about the relatively low threshold for conducting surveillance in SA and the relatively weak safeguards, oversight and remedies against unlawful interference” Download UN HRC report: r2k.org.za/un-report-sa

25. TAKING ACTION Time to #FixRICA and end surveillance abuses

26. TAKING ACTION Time to #FixRICA and end surveillance abuses Source: www.r2k.org.za/fix-rica-memo Protecting general privacy: 1) Drop SIM card registration 2) End mass storage of data

27. TAKING ACTION Strengthen judicial protections: 3.1 Raise the threshold for issuing warrants 3.2 Metadata must be better protected Time to #FixRICA and end surveillance abuses Source: www.r2k.org.za/fix-rica-memo

28. TAKING ACTION Greater transparency 4.1 Users must be notified when their data has been intercepted 4.2 Network providers and internet service must disclose how often their customers’ are intercepted 4.3 Greater transparency around communications surveillance in general Time to #FixRICA and end surveillance abuses Source: www.r2k.org.za/fix-rica-memo

29. TAKING ACTION More and better oversight 5.1 There needs to be independent oversight of the work of the Rica judge 5.2 Appoint key surveillance watchdog figures Time to #FixRICA and end surveillance abuses Source: www.r2k.org.za/fix-rica-memo

30. TAKING ACTION Most importantly..... 6. End mass surveillance! Time to #FixRICA and end surveillance abuses Source: www.r2k.org.za/fix-rica-memo

31. Questions for the future