1. Changing Scholarly Communications and the Role of an Institutional Repository in the Digital Landscape Marilyn Billings Scholarly Communications Librarian W.E.B. Du Bois Library mbillings@library.umass.edu 413-545-6891

2. Scholarly Communication & IRs / Marilyn Billings Scholarly Communication: a Bit of Background Traditional modes  Journals in the sciences  Monographs in the humanities “Crisis” of 1990s  Spiraling publishing costs, especially journals  Increasing volume of materials available in digital form  Lack of access February 13, 2008 2

3. Scholarly Communication & IRs / Marilyn Billings Research Libraries Book and Journal Costs, 1986-2002 February 13, 2008 3

4. Scholarly Communication & IRs / Marilyn Billings Scholarly Communication: Exploration of New Models Open access journals  Journals available at no cost to end user  May or not be refereed  Typically available in electronic format Institutional digital repositories  Unified open access to and preservation of the electronic collections of works of members of the institution’s community February 13, 2008 4

5. Scholarly Communication & IRs / Marilyn Billings Exploration of New Models Possible Opportunities Significantly increase the visibility and citation impact of your work Incorporate materials into face-to-face and online courses, use in research projects, and re- purpose, all at no cost to end user Digitally archive your work with permanent url May include both previously published as well as unpublished manuscripts and data sets in a variety of formats February 13, 2008 5

6. Scholarly Communication & IRs / Marilyn Billings Exploration of New Models Action Steps for Faculty 1. Manage copyright / retain author rights 2. Select journals and publishers with access friendly policies 3. Prefer open access grant agencies when seeking funding 4. Self-archive February 13, 2008 6

7. Scholarly Communication & IRs / Marilyn Billings 1.Manage Copyright Retain Author Rights http://www.arl.org/sparc/author/ http://www.arl.org/sparc/author/  Reproduction  Distribution  Public performance  Modification of original work Modify publisher contracts  SPARC Authors Addendum http://www.arl.org/sparc/author/addendum.html  Creative Commons licenses http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ February 13, 2008 7

8. Scholarly Communication & IRs / Marilyn Billings 2. Journals With Access-friendly Policies Determine open access journals in your field http://doaj.org Investigate current publisher policies  Sherpa / RoMEO website http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo.php http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo.php  Publisher websites Faculty roles  Author  Editor / Editorial board /  Peer reviewer February 13, 2008 8

9. Scholarly Communication & IRs / Marilyn Billings 3. Open-Access Granting Agencies National Science Foundation http://www.nsf.gov/nsb/documents/2000/nsb00106/nsb001 06.htm National Institutes of Health http://publicaccess.nih.gov/ Wellcome Trust http://www.wellcome.ac.uk/doc_WTD002766.html http://www.wellcome.ac.uk/doc_WTD002766.html FRPAA (Federal Research Public Access Act) and its impact http://www.taxpayeraccess.org/frpaa/ http://www.taxpayeraccess.org/frpaa/ February 13, 2008 9

10. Scholarly Communication & IRs / Marilyn Billings 4. Self-archive Institutional Digital Repositories  Directory of Open Access Repositories http://opendoar.org  Our example - ScholarWorks @ UMass Amherst http://scholarworks@umass.edu Disciplinary Repositories  arXiv.org http://arxiv.org/http://arxiv.org/  RePEc http://repec.org/http://repec.org/  Other examples February 13, 2008 10

11. Scholarly Communication & IRs / Marilyn Billings Institutional Repository: What is it? “a set of services that a university offers to the members of its community for the management and dissemination of digital materials created by the institution and its community members.” - Clifford Lynch, ARL Bimonthly Report 226, Feb. 2003. “digital collections that capture and preserve the intellectual output of university communities” - Ryam Crowe, Case for Institutional Repositories, SPARC, 2002 February 13, 2008 11

12. Scholarly Communication & IRs / Marilyn Billings And That Means? Institutionally defined Scholarly Cumulative and perpetual Centralized management Open and interoperable February 13, 2008 12

13. Scholarly Communication & IRs / Marilyn Billings Why do this? Proactive response to scholarly communication and open access issues Showcase for scholars and institution Ease of use by faculty and researchers Long-term preservation, persistent urls Wide dissemination of intellectual output More frequent citations February 13, 2008 13

14. Scholarly Communication & IRs / Marilyn Billings Online or Invisible? Steve Lawrence, Nature 2001, Vol. 411p.253 February 13, 2008 14

15. Scholarly Communication & IRs / Marilyn Billings Challenges Perception of faculty members  What value is there in publishing in open access journals? Impact on tenure and promotion? Potential problems with author pays financial model?  Copyright issues? Who owns the copyright to works published in an open access journal? What can a faculty member do to preserve the right to post a previously published work to an open access journal? February 13, 2008 15

16. Scholarly Communication & IRs / Marilyn Billings Use of IRs Rieh, Soo Young, et al. “Census of Institutional Repositories in the U.S.: A Comparison Across the Institutions at Different Stages of IR Development.” D- Lib Magazine 13, no. 11/12 (2007)  Leaders: Who bears the responsibility for IR planning, pilot-testing, and implementation?  Funding: From where does IR funding come?  Content: What types of document are in IRs, and which content recruitment methods are most popular?  Contributors: Who contributes to IRs?  Systems: Which IR systems are most prevalent? February 13, 2008 16

17. Scholarly Communication & IRs / Marilyn Billings Leaders “In general, librarians lead the IR effort in all stages of IR development.”  Library role as steward of scholarship  Collection development expertise  Liaison role with faculty  Center of expertise on metadata  Commitment to long-term preservation  Complementarity of repository and licensed digital materials February 13, 2008 17

18. Scholarly Communication & IRs / Marilyn Billings Funding Wide variety of responses, many informal  Special initiative supported by the library  Costs absorbed in routine library operating costs  Regular budget line item for your institution's library  Grant awarded by an external source  Special initiative supported by your institution's central administration  Special initiative supported by your institution's archives February 13, 2008 18

19. Scholarly Communication & IRs / Marilyn Billings Content Research materials  Doctoral dissertations, theses, honors projects  Working papers, journal articles, raw data files Teaching materials  Learning objects  Preprints  Audio and video materials  E portfolios February 13, 2008 19

20. Scholarly Communication & IRs / Marilyn Billings Contributors Faculty and researchers Graduate and Honors students Archivists and Librarians University Press Academic Offices  Office of Research  Office of Outreach, Cooperative Extension February 13, 2008 20

21. Scholarly Communication & IRs / Marilyn Billings Content recruitment strategies Working one-on-one with early adopters Word-of-mouth from early adopters to their colleagues Mandating deposit of dissertations, theses, honors projects Mandating deposit of research results from internal institutional grants February 13, 2008 21

22. Scholarly Communication & IRs / Marilyn Billings Systems Commercial  bePress from Berkeley Electronic Press  CONTENTdm  Library System vendor products Open Source  DSpace  E Prints  Fedora February 13, 2008 22

23. Scholarly Communication & IRs / Marilyn Billings Scholarly Communication Selected Bibliography Create Change http://www.createchange.org Scholarly Communication Toolkit http://www.ala.org/ala/acrl/acrlissues/scholarlycomm/sch olarlycommunicationtoolkit/toolkit.htm http://www.ala.org/ala/acrl/acrlissues/scholarlycomm/sch olarlycommunicationtoolkit/toolkit.htm Scholarly Publishing & Academic Resources Coalition (SPARC) http://www.arl.org/sparc http://www.arl.org/sparc February 13, 2008 23

24. Scholarly Communication & IRs / Marilyn Billings Institutional Repository Selected Bibliography Bailey, Charles W. Institutional Repositories, Tout de Suite. 2008. http://www.digital-scholarship.orghttp://www.digital-scholarship.org EDUCAUSE Resource Center on IRs http://connect.educause.edu/term_view/Institutional%2BRepo sitories http://connect.educause.edu/term_view/Institutional%2BRepo sitories Gibbons, Susan. Establishing an Institutional Repository http://docushare.lib.rochester.edu/docushare/dsweb/View/Coll ection-2193 http://docushare.lib.rochester.edu/docushare/dsweb/View/Coll ection-2193 OpenDOAR http://www.opendoar.org/http://www.opendoar.org/ SPARC Repository Resources http://www.arl.org/sparc/repositories http://www.arl.org/sparc/repositories February 13, 2008 24