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Diversity of Eukaryotic Marine Photosynthetic Picoplankton

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1 Diversity of Eukaryotic Marine Photosynthetic Picoplankton
43ème Réunion du Groupement des Protistologues de Langue Française Mai 2005— Dourdan Diversity of Eukaryotic Marine Photosynthetic Picoplankton La présentation est restreinte aux picoplancton photosynthétique car la partie hétérotrophe sera couverte par la présentation suivante de R. Massana Daniel Vaulot Station Biologique de Roscoff CNRS and Université Paris 6, France

2 Outline Introduction Described species
Environmental analysis : 18S and 16S rDNA An important group the Prasinophyceae Perspectives To say - Restrict to euphotic zone mostly

3 Photosynthetic picoplankton
Prochlorococcus Synechococcus Picoeucaryotes Chlorophyll Side scatter © D. Marie

4 Key questions What are they ? How abundant is each group ? Where and when specific groups occur ? What is their role ?

5 Outline Introduction Described species To say
- Restrict to euphotic zone mostly

6 Described species About 40 species Chorophyta
Chlorophyceae Prasinophyceae Trebouxiophyceae Heterokontophyta (Stramenopiles) Bacillariophyceae Bolidophyceae Chrysophyceae (?) Dictyochophyceae Eustigmatophyceae Pelagophyceae Pinguiophyceae Haptophyta Prymnesiophyceae

7 Eukaryotic lineages Baldauf 2003, Science

8 Prasinophyceae Guillou et al. 2004

9 Mamiellales Ostreococcus Bathycoccus Micromonas
Guillou et al.2004 Protist

10 Pseudoscourfeldiales
Prasinococcales Prasinococcus Bathycoccus Pycnococcus / Pseudoscourfeldia Clade VII RCC 287

11 Trebouxiophyceae Picochlorum (5 species, 4 of which basionym = Nannochloris) Henley et al.2004 Phycologia

12 Heterokontophyta

13 Pelagophyceae Aureococcus anophagefferens Aureoumbra lagunensis
Pelagomonas calceolata Pelagococcus subviridis

14 Bolidophyceae Bolidomonas mediterranea Bolidomonas pacifica

15 Eustigmatophyceae Dictyochophyceae Chrysophyceae ? Pinguiophyceae
Florenciella parvula Nannochloropsis (6 species) Chrysophyceae ? Pinguiophyceae Parmales Pinguiochrysis pyriformis

16 Haptophyta Trigonapsis minutissima Imantonia rotunda
Chrysochromulina leadbeateri (+ several species)

17 Outline Introduction Described species
Environmental analysis : 18S and 16S rDNA To say - Restrict to euphotic zone mostly

18 Sequencing 18 S rDNA Equatorial Pacific Group II Group I
Moon et al. 2001, Nature

19 Photosynthetic groups
Dictyochophyceae Equatorial Pacific

20 Clone libraries Autotrophs: 23% Dinophyceae
50% of sequences correspond to unknown alveolates Autotrophs: 23% Moon et al 2001

21 Prymnesiophyceae

22 18S clone libraries

23 Autotrophs: 48 % Channel : April 2000 Prasinophytes Cryptophytes
Romari and Vaulot 2004

24 Eukaryotic lineages ? Baldauf 2003, Science

25 Outline Introduction Described species
Environmental analysis : 18S and 16S rDNA An important group, the Prasinophyceae To say - Restrict to euphotic zone mostly

26 Prasinophyceae Prasinococcus Guillou et al. Protist 2004

27 Prasinophyceae English Channel seasonnal cycle
FISH Not et al. 2004 AEM Ajouter données arctique et océan indien

28 Prasinophyceae Arctic Ocean
FISH Not et al. in press Coast Ocean Atlantic Arctic Micromonas Bathycoccus

29 Mediterranean Sea Q PCR Marie et al. submitted

30 (cf. H. Moreau presentation)
Sporadic, open ocean and lagoons Coastal, open ocean Very abundant in coastal temperate waters Ecotypic variability ! (cf. H. Moreau presentation)

31 Ecotypic diversity Ostreococcus spp. 4 clades
Med Sea surface B Deep strains C O. tauri ITS 4 clades Data H. Moreau, Banyuls PFGE Cbp probe Pigments Strains isolated from depth possess a new type of Chl c Smallest eukaryote: 0.8 um 21 strains Surface vs Depth Étang de Thau Mediterranean Sea English Channel Atlantic Ocean Rodriguez et al. 2005

32 Photosynthetic picoeucaryotes Summary
Few species described Important groups from cultures and environmental 18S : Prasinophyceae Prymnesiophyceae Cryptophyceae Heterokont classes : Dictyochophyceae, Pelagophyceae etc.. Prasinophyceae / Mamiellales Distribution of three genera begin to emerge

33 Photosynthetic picoeucaryotes Future directions
Investigate more diverse environments Isolate representative of uncultivated groups Complement 18S by other approaches Biased primers Plastid 16S Populations sorted by flow cytometry Distribution of key groups FISH QPCR Investigate ecotypic differentiation Micromonas, Ostreococcus

34 Acknowledgments PICODIV F. Not F. Zhu F. Le Gall and F. Jalabert
D. Scanlan and UW group R. Massana and Barcelona group W. Eikrem and Oslo group EU FP5 projects PicoDiv PRIR PicoManche Fondation CNRS Aventis PROOF BIOSOPE CPER GenoMer et Souchothéque GIS Génomique Marine CRB Ministère de la Recherche PICODIV

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