2.  “Classical approach of management professes the body of management thought based on the belief that employees have only economical and physical needs and that the social needs & need for job satisfaction either does not exist or are unimportant. Accordingly it advocates high specialization of labour, centralized decision making & profit maximization.”

3.  Classical approach is the oldest formal school of thought which began around 1900 and continued into the 1920s.  Its mainly concerned with the increasing the efficiency of workers and organizations based on management practices, which were an outcome of careful observation.  Classical approach mainly looks for the universal principles of operation in the striving for economic efficiency.  Classical approach includes scientific, administrative & bureaucratic management.

4.  SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT focuses on the “one best way” to do a job. (Individual Worker)  ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT focuses on the manager & basic managerial functions(Total Organization.)

5.  SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT THEORY  FREDERICK W.TAYLOR (1856- 1915) - FATHER OF SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT  ANALYSED MANAGEMENT SCIENTIFICALLY TO FIND OUT THE MOST EFFICTIVE WAY TO DO A JOB - “ONE BEST WAY” TO DO THE JOB. FREDERICK WINSLOW TAYLOR (1856-1915) FRANK GILBERTH (1868- 1924) & LILLIAN GILBERTH(1878-1972)

6.  Scientific management was a theory of management that analyzed and workflows, with the objective of improving labor productivity management of a business, industry, or economy, according to principles of efficiency derived from experiments in methods of work and production, especially from time-and- motion studies- (mass noun)

7. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 2 - 7 1. Develop a science for each element of the job. 2. Scientifically select employees and then train them to do the job. 3. Supervise employees to make sure they follow prescribed methods. Continue to plan the work, but use workers to get the work done.

8. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 2 - 8

9.  GENERAL ADMINSTRATIVE MANAGEMENT THEORY  HENRI FAYOL (1841- 1925) - FATHER OF MODERN MANAGEMENT  ANALYSED MANAGEMENT AS A UNIVERSAL PROCESS OF PLANNING,ORGANIZIN G, COMMANDING,COOR DINATI-NG& CONTROLLING. ALSO INTRODUCED FOURTEEN PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT. HENRI FAYOL (1841- 1925)

10.  Administrative management theory attempts to find a rational way to design an organization as a whole. The theory generally calls for a formalized administrative structure, a clear division of labor, and delegation of power and authority to administrators relevant to their areas of responsibilities.

11. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 2 - 11  Contributions Laid the foundation for later theoretical developments. Identified management processes, functions, and skills. Focused attention on management as a valid subject of scientific inquiry.  Limitations More appropriate approach for use in traditional, stable, simple organizations. Prescribed universal procedures that are not appropriate in some settings. Employees viewed as tools rather than as resources.

12. MAX WEBER(1 864-1920) During 1800’s, European Org. were managed on a personal, family-like basis. Employees loyal towards a single individual. Resources used to realize individual desires. Weber envisioned Org. would be managed on an impersonal, rational basis. This form of Org. is known as Bureaucracy.

13.  The ideas Classical Theorists have presented still have many applications in the management of today's organisations but with some modifications. Managers of today are facing many internal challenges which are similar to the ones faced by the managers during earlier periods. Like Taylor's concern for increase productivity of workers is still shared by managers. The Scientific Management theory is still relevant, even today but it is not as popular as it was in the past. The job design it presented is still widely used in industries today and has made most of the industrial work repetitive, tedious, menial and depressing, and can be noted for example in fast-food restaurants like KFC and McDonald and in assembly lines of automobile manufacturers. McDonald's divides its operation into a number of tasks such as operating a deep fryer or cooking operation, supervising and assign people to perform the tasks. The modern mass automobile assembly lines pour out finished merchandises faster than Taylor could have ever thought off or imagined. In addition to this, the efficiency techniques of Scientific Management ate used in the training of Surgeons.