1. America’s Second Civil War RECONSTRUCTION 1865-1877

2.  Reconstruction:  The period after the Civil War during which the Union began the process of re- admitting the former Confederate States back into the Union. GOAL

3.  Casualties for both sides exceed 700,000.  Southern economy is ruined.  Railroads and bridges destroyed.  Houses, barns, and fields lay in ruins  4 million displaced former slaves HUMAN AND MATERIAL COST OF THE CIVIL WAR

4. An agency that provided relief to former slaves and poor whites in the South. get food for former slaves and poor whites. find housing for former slaves find jobs for former slaves provide education for former slaves prevent discrimination against former slaves FREEDMAN’S BUREAU

5.  13 th Amendment:  -abolished slavery  14 th Amendment:  -granted citizenship  15 th Amendment:  -gave African American men the right to vote CIVIL WAR AMENDMENTS

6. When 10% of people in a state would swear an oath of loyalty to the U.S. and adopt the 13th Amendment, they could come back into the Union with full statehood. LINCOLN’S TEN PERCENT PLAN

7. Lincoln’s V.P. (now President) Andrew Johnson adopted most of Lincoln’s plan with a few additional terms. ratify 14th Amendment pardoned former confederates—including Vice President Stephens pardoned military officers allowed former confederates to vote and hold office JOHNSON’S PLAN

8.  The Act provided African Americans with the same legal rights as white Americans. CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1866

9.  Definition:  The process by the Legislature to accuse a public official of wrongdoing. 1.A trial is held in the Senate 2.A two-thirds majority is needed for the impeachment to be successful. 3.If successful, removal from office or Censure are options.  Definition of Censure:  To officially criticize or blame, express disapproval or condemn. IMPEACH

10.  The Tenure of Office Act was enacted to limit the power of the President.  Johnson fired Edwin Stanton, Secretary of War without Senate approval.  Johnson was charged with violating the Tenure of Office Act. An Act that prevented the President from firing important government officials without permission from the Senate.  Charges against Johnson were filed and the impeachment trial was conducted.  The Senate vote failed by one vote cast by Edmond G. Ross from Tennessee.  Johnson remained in office.  *No American President has ever been successfully impeached. IMPEACHMENT OF ANDREW JOHNSON

11. Made by Representative Thaddeus Stephens and Senator Charles Sumner (who were very bitter towards the South). Radical Reconstruction: Overturned Johnson’s plan –no pardons Took away citizenship from former confederates Gave the vote to former slaves Bankrupted the South by refusing to honor confederate debts RADICAL REPUBLICAN’S PLAN

12. Divided the South into 5 military districts—each governed at gunpoint by a Major General in the U.S. Army. Refused to allow former confederates to gather in groups without a permit. Established a curfew for southern whites. Forced southern states to hold conventions to adopt new state constitutions which had both black and white delegates. RADICAL REPUBLICAN’S PLAN CONTINUED:

13. Laws passed to limit the rights of blacks. Very much like slave codes, Black Codes were made to limit the rights of blacks— despite the 13th and 14th Amendments. Could not vote Could not testify against whites in a court of law Could not serve on a jury Could not join an army or state militia (or own a firearm) BLACK CODES SOUTHERN RESISTANCE

14. Carpetbaggers: Were northerners who moved down to help the South. Some really tried to help. Many were looking for bargains. They bought up the old plantations for dirt cheap prices. Scalawags: Southerners who supported the radical republicans during reconstruction in order to profit financially and/or politically. CARPETBAGGERS AND SCALAWAGS

15.  Sharecropping  A system used on southern farms after the Civil War in which farmers worked land owned by someone else in return for a small portion of the crop.  Tenant Farmers  Farmers who paid rent to farm on someone else's land.  Both methods were subject to widespread exploitation (taken advantage of). ECONOMIC IMPACT OF RECONSTRUCTION

16.  AA were the largest group of southern Republican voters.  More than 600 AA were elected to local and national political seats. AFRICAN AMERICAN LEADERS

17.  Social group that turned into a terrorist/hate group.  Saw themselves as the redeemers of the South.  Goal was to return the South to its pre-war condition (whites in power and slavery).  Used violence and intimidation to terrorize both Freedmen and those who supported them. KU KLUX KLAN

18.  1869-1877  His presidency was full of corruption and fraud.  Grant was not corrupt.  Distracted people from the task of Reconstruction  Caused people to focus more on government corruption.  Made ending Reconstruction more appealing to northerners. GRANT’S PRESIDENCY

19.  Election of 1876  Candidates:  Samuel Tilden-Dem  Rutherford B. Hayes-Rep  Close election that came down to a backroom deal to settle the matter. Compromise:  Hayes could be President if North pulled remaining troops out of the South.  Abandoned Freedmen which led to the return of white rule in the South.  Officially ended Reconstruction COMPROMISE OF 1877