1. Using Verbs Correctly
English 10A – Chapter 18

2. Principal Parts of Verbs
1. Base form
2. Present participle
3. Past
4. Past participle
Base Form
Present Part.
Past
Past Participle
Believe
(Is) believing
Believed
(have) believed
Walk
(is) walking
Walked
(have) walked
Teach
(is) teaching
Taught
(have) taught
Run
(is) running
Ran
(have) run Do
(is) doing
Did
(have) done Be
(is) being
Was, were
(have) been

3. Regular verbs
Key concept: Regular verbs generally form past and past participle by adding –d or –ed to the base form
Work  worked  have worked
Blame  blamed  have blamed
Common error: Leaving the –d or –ed off of a past or past participle form.
Are you suppose to be texting in class? 
Are you supposed to be texting in class? 

4. Regular, yet irregular…
Some regular verbs have other past and past participle forms.
Burn  burned or burnt
Dream  dreamed or dreamt
Most verbs ending in e drop the e before adding
–ing or –ed, while some add a double consonant
Snore  snoring  snored
Nap  napping  napped

5. Irregular Verbs
Key concept: Irregular verbs form their past and past participle in some other way than simply adding –d or –ed.
1. Consonant change (bend  bent)
2. Vowel change (sing  sang)
3. Vowel and consonant change (catch  caught)
4. No change (set  set)
More irregular verbs – p

6. Practice Makes Perfect!
Exercise 3 – Page 580 – Odds Only!
Exercise 4 – Page 581 – Odds Only!

7. Six Troublesome Verbs
Lie and lay
Sit and set
Raise and rise

8. Lay vs. Lie
The verb lie means “to rest,” “to recline,” or “to be in a place.”
It does not take a direct object
The verb lay means “to put something in a place.”
Generally does have a direct object
You lie down on the couch when you don’t feel well.
The student mistakenly laid his iPad in in a pool of coffee.
Base Form
Present Part.
Past
Past Part.
To lie
(is) lying
Lay
(have) lain
To lay
(is) laying
Laid
(have) laid

9. Practice Makes Perfect!
Page 583, Exercises 5-7 (odds only)

10. Sit vs. Set
Sit means “to rest in a seated position” or “to be in a place” – rarely takes a direct object
You may sit in the hallway when you do not read. 
Set means “to put something in a place” – generally has a direct object
Tom Brady set the football down in the end zone after the touchdown.
Base Form
Present part.
Past
Past part.
To sit
(is) sitting
Sat
(have) sat
To set
(is) setting
Set
(have) set

11. Practice Makes Perfect
Page 586, Exercises 8 & 9– ODDS ONLY!

12. Self-Evaluation Page 587 – Review A
Self-evaluation of learning targets
Identify the correct forms of lie and lay
Identify the correct forms of sit and set
Specific questions?

13. Rise vs. Raise Rise means “to go up” or “to get up.”
No direct object
If there is water on your chair, you will rise quickly.
Raise means “to lift” or “to cause something to rise.”
Generally a direct object
She raised her hand to show she knew the answer.
Base Form
Present Part.
Past
Past Part.
To rise
(is) rising
Rose
(have) risen
To raise
(is) raising
Raised
(have) raised

14. Practice! Page 589 – Exercise 10 – ODDS ONLY
Page 589 – Review B – ALL OF THEM!
Self-evaluate learning targets

15. Verb Tense
The tense of a verb indicates the time of the action or state of being expressed by the verb
English verbs have six tenses
Present
Past
Future
Present perfect
Past perfect
Future perfect

16. Verb Tense Timeline Past Perfect
Existing or happening before a specific time in the past
Past
Existing or happening in the past
Present Perfect
Existing or happening sometime before now; may be continuing now
Present
Existing or happening now
Future Perfect
Existing or happening before a specific time in the future
Future
Existing or happening in the future

17. Conjugation of Verbs
Conjugation is the listing of all of the forms of a verb according to tense
Notice the charts on page &
Common helping verbs in each tense
Will = future tense
Have + past participle = present perfect
Had + past participle = past perfect
Will + have + past participle = future perfect
Singular and plural for each tense

18. Progressive Form
Progressive form of a verb is used to express continuing action or state of being.
May also be called “continuous” in other resources.
Formed with the appropriate tense of “be” + present participle
I am running. (present progressive)
I was running. (past progressive)
I will be running. (future progressive)
I have been running. (present perfect progressive)
I had been running. (past perfect progressive)
I will have been running. (future perfect progressive)

19. Emphatic Form Use to show emphasis Only in present and past tenses
Formed by adding “do” or “does” and base form in present
Formed by adding “did” and the base form in the past
Why do we complete Read Now?
It does help improve reading comprehension.

20. The Uses of the Tenses Present tense – occurring now
Shows customary or habitual action or state of being
States a general truth – something always true
Summarizes plot of literary works
Make historical event seem current (historical present)
Express future time
Ikemefuna lives with Okonkwo in TFA.
She is wearing a sparkly dress to homecoming.

21. The Use of the Tenses
Past Tense – happened in the past and did not continue into the present
I asked for extra cheese on my pizza.
The Seahawks won the Superbowl last year.
He was studying last night.
We did enjoy the weekend weather.

22. The Use of the Tenses Future tense – Will occur
Usually formed with will or shall and the base form of a verb
I will be there at five o’clock.
The Patriots will win during Monday Night Football.

23. The Use of the Tenses
Present Perfect – Occurred at an indefinite time in the past
Formed with have or has and the past participle form
One Direction has played in Detroit.
Also used to express action that began in the past and continues to the present
They have been attracting thousands of teenage girls since they came to America.

24. The Use of the Tenses
Past Perfect – Ended before another past action or state of being occurred.
Formed with had and the past participle
Mrs. Krabill told her class that she had been a waitress.
After Mrs. Swope had cooked dinner, Mr. Swope cleaned the kitchen.

25. The Use of the Tenses
Future Perfect – Will end before another future action
Formed with shall have or will have and the past participle
At the end of this year, Mrs. Krabill will have been teaching for five years. (progressive)
By the time you get my letter, I will have returned home.

26. Be Consistent
Do not change from one tense to another when it is not necessary
If events happened at the same time, use the same tense
If events happened at different times, use different tenses to show sequence.
Last night, my dad told me he wants to visit.

27. Practice Makes Perfect!
Page 596 – Exercise 11 – Odds Only
Page 597 – Exercise 12 – Odds Only
Page 598 – Exercise 13 - #1-7
Finish for homework!

28. Voice
Voice is the form a verb takes to indicate whether the subject of the verb performs or receives the action
There are two options: Active or Passive Voice

29. Active vs. Passive Voice
Active: The subject of a verb performs the action
Passive: The subject of a verb receives the action
Students earn their grades. (active)
Grades are earned by students. (passive)
Mr. Sanchez resets iPads. (active)
iPads are reset by Mr. Sanchez. (passive)
Use passive voice sparingly!!! It’s boring.

30. Practice! Page 604-605 - Exercises 15-16 – Odds Only
Review C: All of them
Self-evaluation

31. Mood
Mood is the form a verb takes to indicate the attitude of the person using the verb
Indicative: Expresses a fact, opinion, or question.
Chenua Achebe is the author of Things Fall Apart.
They think we started the rumors.
Imperative: Expresses a direct command or request.
Please bring me a cup of coffee.
Subjunctive: Expresses a suggestion, necessity, a condition contrary to fact, or a wish.
I wish students would do their homework.
Mrs. Thompson recommends that you go to college.
If I were you, I would take her suggestion seriously.

32. Practice Exercise 17 – Odds only Review D – All of them More practice…
Chapter Review!