1. PSYCHOACOUSTICS: SOUND PERCEPTION PHYSICS OF MUSIC, SPRING 2016

2. KEY TERMS PLACE THEORY OF HEARING CRITICAL BAND SHARPENING JUST NOTICEABLE DIFFERENCE (JND) OHM’S LAW OF HEARING ATTACK AND DECAY TRANSIENTS PITCH TRACKING MISSING FUNDAMENTAL BINAURAL EFFECTS

3. HOW DO WE “HEAR”?

4. ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY: FORM AND FUNCTION Video produced by Brandon Pletsch, Univ. of Georgia Medical School URL: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N90j2h3M0ic

5. AUDITORY SYSTEM: AMAZING FACTS 10 OCTAVE RANGE (20 – 20,000 HZ) Ear senses changes 1 part of 10,000,000,000 of atmospheric pressure

6. AUDITORY CORTEX Reference: http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0017832http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0017832 URL: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N90j2h3M0ichttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N90j2h3M0ic Saenz Auditory Neuorscience Group: http://www3.unil.ch/wpmu/neuroaudio/resaerch/auditory-cortex/

7. PLACE THEORY PERCEPTION OF SOUND DEPENDS ON WHICH REGION (PLACE) OF BASILAR MEMBRANE VIBRATES Images from: http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/sound/place.html Critical band

8. JND CHANGE IN VALUE OF A VARIABLE (FREQUENCY, INTENSITY) BETWEEN TWO TONES SUCH THAT THE DIFFERENCE JUST NOTICEABLE. FOR INSTANCE: CAN YOU TELL THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN: 440.0 VS 440.1 HZ? 440 VS 441 HZ? 440 VS 444?

9. EQUAL LOUDNESS CURVE

10. SUBJECTIVE LOUDNESS Hearing test: http://www.phys.unsw.edu.au/jw/hearing.html JE’s Equal loudness Curve Sensitivity depends on frequency

11. OHM’S LAW OF HEARING “SOUND QUALITY OF A COMPLEX TONE DEPENDS ONLY ON THE AMPLITUDE OF HARMONICS, NOT THEIR PHASE” Image and sound file source: http://frank.mtsu.edu/~wroberts/ohms.htm

12. ATTACK TRANSIENTS “Turning on” phase is very important for sound perception http://www.animations.physics.unsw.edu.au/jw/timbre-envelope.htm

13. FORWARDS AND BACKWARDS

14. MISSING FUNDAMENTAL You play these….Brain fills in this…

15. MASKING How do we pick out one voice amongst all the other masking sounds? Alien enjoying cocktail party?! Masking: existence of one tone interfering with perception of another tone.

16. BINAURAL EFFECTS BRAIN PROCESSES RELATIVE TIMING OF SOUND WAVES AT L AND R EARS http://www.newmindcentre.com/2014/06/the-benefits-of-getting-more-alpha-waves.html