2. During my time as observer of an elementary level EFL class I noted that the teacher asked questions of the boys more frequently than of the girls. This tendency has also been reported by Jon (1989).

3. “Reliability is the agreement between two efforts to measure the same trait through maximally similar methods” (Campbell and Fisk, 1967, p. 277).

4. I chose to collect data by questionnaire as collecting data by interview would be too time consuming and thus cause me to reduce the sample size. This is discussed in more detail by Smith (1987).

5. Earlier reform efforts, most notably the work of the Holmes Group (1986, 1990, and 1995), have shown that these interorganizational collaborations are challenging to maintain.

6. The TNE prospectus (Carnegie Corporation of New York, no date [n.d.]) outlines three broad design principles that the TNE funders believe characterize excellent teacher education programs

7. Diaz Maggioli (2003, in Richards and Farrell, 2005:18) observes that “Programs which involve participants in the planning, organization, management, delivery and evaluation of all actions in which they are expected to participate have more chances of success than those planned using a top ‐ down approach, where administrators make decisions in lieu of teachers.”

8. Acknowledge where secondary sources are cited and the original not looked at by yourself. Do not rely on all secondary information taken from just one source. Quotes must be put in quotation marks and acknowledged. Failure to acknowledge quotes is plagiarism. Plagiarism is a serious offence.

9. (1) According to Jones (1998), "Students often had difficulty using APA style, especially when it was their first time" (p. 199). OR Jones (1998) found "students often had difficulty using APA style" (p. 199); what implications does this have for teachers? (2) She stated, "Students often had difficulty using APA style" (Jones, 1998, p. 199), but she did not offer an explanation as to why.

10. Jones's (1998) study found the following: Students often had difficulty using APA style, especially when it was their first time citing sources. This difficulty could be attributed to the fact that many students failed to purchase a style manual or to ask their teacher for help. (p. 199)

11. According to Jones (1998), APA style is a difficult citation format for first ‐ time learners. OR APA style is a difficult citation format for first ‐ time learners (Jones, 1998, p. 199).

12. Books: –Thornbury, S. (2006). An A – Z of English Language Teaching. Oxford: Macmillan. Chapters in Books/Edited collections –Ellis, V. (2010). Studying the process of change: the double simulation strategy in teacher education. In Ellis, V., Edwards, A. and Smagorinski, P. (Eds.). Cultural historial perspectives in teacher education: Learning teaching. pp 263—291.Oxon: Routledge..

13. Articles in journals –Van Huizen, P., van Oers, B. and Wubbels, T. (2005). A Vygotskian perspective on teacher education. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 37 (3), 267–290. Articles in newspapers –Schultz, S. (2005, December 28). Calls made to strengthen state energy policies. The Country Today, pp. 1A, 2A. Webpages –Peyton, J. K. (1993). Dialogue journals: Interactive writing to develop language and literacy. Washington, DC: National Clearinghouse for ESL Literacy Education. Retrieved May 4, 2003, from http://www.cal.org/ericcll/digest/peyton01.html

14. http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/ Angeli, E., Wagner, J., Lawrick, E., Moore, K., Anderson, M., Soderland, L., & Brizee, A. (2010, May 5). Purdue online writing lab. Retrieved from http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/