1. World History September 21, 2015 Ancient Greece

2. Ancient Greece Ancient Greece consisted of a mountainous region with valuable port cities. Each city and it’s surrounding area is called a polis. Two of the most powerful poleis were Athens and Sparta. Locate them on the map, which one appears to be closer to the sea? Which polis do you think was more open to ideas from other poleis and regions? Why?

3. Athens Located on Attica peninsula Located on Attica peninsula Emphasis on government and education Emphasis on government and education If Athenians could afford it they sent their boys to school to learn to read and write If Athenians could afford it they sent their boys to school to learn to read and write Athena was their patron goddess because she is the goddess of wisdom and war Athena was their patron goddess because she is the goddess of wisdom and war Athenians began using a democracy type of government – All free male citizens voted and made decisions for the polis Athenians began using a democracy type of government – All free male citizens voted and made decisions for the polis Girls trained to good mothers and worked closely with their mothers to learn their skills to take care of a family, home, and weave cloth Girls trained to good mothers and worked closely with their mothers to learn their skills to take care of a family, home, and weave cloth Boys worked with their fathers and learned their skills – farming, woodworking, pottery making, or stone-working shops Boys worked with their fathers and learned their skills – farming, woodworking, pottery making, or stone-working shops Boys trained in the local gymnasium: boxing and wrestling Boys trained in the local gymnasium: boxing and wrestling Girls didn’t practice sports, they were told to “hear little, say little, and ask no more than absolutely necessary” Girls didn’t practice sports, they were told to “hear little, say little, and ask no more than absolutely necessary”

4. Sparta Located on the Peloponnesus peninsula Located on the Peloponnesus peninsula Emphasis on training to be strong warriors – at the early age of 7 boys began learning fighting skills such as archery, javelin throwing, and sword-fighting Emphasis on training to be strong warriors – at the early age of 7 boys began learning fighting skills such as archery, javelin throwing, and sword-fighting Artemis and Ares-(god of war)were the patron gods – Artemis is the goddess of the hunt Artemis and Ares-(god of war)were the patron gods – Artemis is the goddess of the hunt Spartans form of government was a monarchy and transitioned into a oligarchy - Spartan leaders made decisions for the polis at meetings held in the agora Spartans form of government was a monarchy and transitioned into a oligarchy - Spartan leaders made decisions for the polis at meetings held in the agora Spartans had many more slaves than other Greek cities and slaves did the majority of the field work Spartans had many more slaves than other Greek cities and slaves did the majority of the field work Boys could go to school to learn to read and write but they spent even more time training to be soldiers Boys could go to school to learn to read and write but they spent even more time training to be soldiers Girls trained too, they practiced running, throwing javelins, and playing ball games Girls trained too, they practiced running, throwing javelins, and playing ball games Girls didn’t become soldiers but it was thought that strong mothers would make strong men Girls didn’t become soldiers but it was thought that strong mothers would make strong men Girls also learned skills from their mothers and boys learned skills from their fathers Girls also learned skills from their mothers and boys learned skills from their fathers

5. Athens and Sparta Similarities Spoke Greek, shared ancestry, traditions and culture Spoke Greek, shared ancestry, traditions and culture Lived and adapted to a mountainous terrain Lived and adapted to a mountainous terrain Rivaled to be the most powerful Greek city Rivaled to be the most powerful Greek city Share religious views: believed that many gods and goddesses ruled the world Share religious views: believed that many gods and goddesses ruled the world Zeus was the most worshiped god but other gods were worshiped and thought to be protectors of their city. They held festivals to honor the gods and goddesses Zeus was the most worshiped god but other gods were worshiped and thought to be protectors of their city. They held festivals to honor the gods and goddesses They believed the gods lived on Mount Olympus They believed the gods lived on Mount Olympus They enjoyed the stories of Homer – an ancient Greek poem writer They enjoyed the stories of Homer – an ancient Greek poem writer

6. What made Athens’ Golden Age golden? Athens had the largest acropolis and about 100,000 people lived in Athens making it the largest city or polis in Greece. Athens had the largest acropolis and about 100,000 people lived in Athens making it the largest city or polis in Greece. The agora was bustling with crowds of people meeting to listen to government discussions, vote on political matters, buy and sell goods in the markets, and read the city’s “bulletin board”. The agora was bustling with crowds of people meeting to listen to government discussions, vote on political matters, buy and sell goods in the markets, and read the city’s “bulletin board”. The Parthenon in Athens’ Acropolis Greek columns

7. The Golden Age 460B.C.-399B.C. Historians mark this a time period rich in culture and wealth. Historians mark this a time period rich in culture and wealth. Athenian craft workers’ products were the most valuable and desirable from other poleis and civilizations. Athenian craft workers’ products were the most valuable and desirable from other poleis and civilizations. Athens began mining silver from the mountains. Athens began mining silver from the mountains.

8. Sculptures were detailed and portrayed the human anatomy accurately

9. Theatre – Comedy, Tragedies, and Satyrs Athenians enjoyed entertainment like the theatre, music festivals, and religious festivals Athenians enjoyed entertainment like the theatre, music festivals, and religious festivals

10. The Navy Athenians built a mighty navy fleet. Athenians built a mighty navy fleet. Athens became rich from payments from other Greek poleis for protection from Persian attacks. Athens became rich from payments from other Greek poleis for protection from Persian attacks. Athenian trireme

11. Athens’ Currency Drachma made from silver or bronze

12. Athenian Government Athens is the birthplace of a democracy. Athens is the birthplace of a democracy. An assembly of free men gathered in the agora to vote on issues that helped shape the polis. An assembly of free men gathered in the agora to vote on issues that helped shape the polis. Citizens also sat on juries to hear evidence and make decisions in a court of law. Citizens also sat on juries to hear evidence and make decisions in a court of law. Pericles was heavily involved in Athens’ government. He arranged that men be paid to serve on juries and hold offices in the assembly. Pericles was also a military general known for his strategy and bravery.

13. More Philosophy Philosophy is the search for wisdom and the right way to live. Philosophy is the search for wisdom and the right way to live. Socrates was a famous philosopher and teacher that began questioning Athens’ laws, values, and even religion. Socrates was a famous philosopher and teacher that began questioning Athens’ laws, values, and even religion. Plato was Socrates’ student and he preserved his teachings by writing them down and he too became a famous philosopher. Plato was Socrates’ student and he preserved his teachings by writing them down and he too became a famous philosopher.