1. Trees

2. Woodlands and Rainforests Trees are found in many places including woodlands and rainforests.

3. Woodlands A woodland is a place with trees, shrubs and flowers. There are lots of animals like birds, squirrels and insects in woodlands too.

4. Layers There are four different layers in woodlands. The names of the layers are the canopy, the shrub layer, the ground layer and the leaf litter.

5. The canopy is made up of the leaves of the trees. The canopy is a place were birds might build their nests because it is safe. Insects live on the branches. Squirrels also live on the branches. The Canopy

6. The Shrub Layer The shrub layer contains smaller trees and shrubs including holly, laurel and rhododendron. Bushes that include berries such as hawthorn and blackberries may be in this layer. These can provide food for birds and small animals such as snails and wrens.

7. The Ground Layer Many animals which live on the ground layer come out at night to find their food. Large insects such as ground beetles eat smaller creatures. Pygmy shrews eat beetles.

8. THE LEAF LITTER B When the leaves fall off the trees and pile up on the surface, it is called The Leaf Litter. Hedgehogs gather up piles of leaves at some holes at the bottom of some trees. They bury themselves under the leaves.

9. Food webs There are many food chains in woodlands. Food chains are where animals eat other animals and plants. Owls eat mice. Mice eat berries and insects.

10. Pollination Pollination occurs so that trees make more trees. Trees are pollinated by insects such as bees. Bees pollinate a lot of flowers. As they fly back to their hive extra pollen falls off their feet as they fly. A lot of trees blow in the wind and spread pollen themselves.

11. How Trees Work  Without light, air,heat and water trees would not grow.  Photosynthesis is an important process. Photosynthesis means to make food and give off oxygen.  If the bark is damaged the tree may die. The bark helps leaves to live..

12. Competing and Adapting All plants in woodland need light in order to grow. Trees have to compete to get light because they are most exposed. A lot of woodland animals eat at night such as snails and slugs otherwise they would get too hot and dry up in the sun. Some kinds of butterflies do not have eye spots and some do. Those that do, birds tend to peck on them thinking they are eyes. The butterfly flies away with only a hole in it’s wing.

13. RECYCLING IN AUTUMN AND WINTER THERE ARE ALWAYS LEAVES LYING ABOUT, BUT IN SUMMER THEY’RE GONE. WHAT HAPPENED?

14.  Animal decomposers work hard in the leaf litter decomposing dead leaves and dead timber.  The animal decomposers include earthworms, millipedes and woodlice. They get food from this. Mushroom like plants called fungi drain nutrients from the dead leaves.

15. Conservation Trees are important  Trees are very important in our lives.  Timber and firewood come from trees.

16. RAINFORESTS

17. Why rainforests are important.  The tropical rainforest is the most important type of forest.  These forests mainly occur around the equator.  Approximately 50% of plants & animals live in these particular forests.

18. Trees and Climate The world’s climate is affected by the destruction of the tropical rainforests. Would you believe that half of world’s rainforests have been destroyed? This must be stopped. They clean the air of carbon dioxide and let out oxygen.

19. The Greenhouse Effect DID YOU KNOW? Without the Greenhouse Effect the average temperature of The Earth would be – 15 degrees. Carbon dioxide acts like a big greenhouse around the Earth. It absorbs the warmth of the Sun. It traps the heat. The more carbon dioxide in the atmosphere the warmer the Earth gets.

20. The Problems As the Earth gets warmer the climate changes. Polar ice-caps are melting and sea levels are rising. This causes flooding in coastal areas.

21. Facts about trees  One tree can absorb as much carbon in a year as a car produces while driving 2600 miles.  A mature tree removes almost 70 times more pollution than a newly planted tree.  It is very important to replant trees in place of old trees or else eventually trees will run out.

22. Lámha suas!  Name two places that trees grow.  How many layers are there in a woodland?  Name some creatures that live near trees.  Why are trees important?  What would the average temperature of the Earth be without the Greenhouse Effect?

23. Thanks for watching  By fourth and fifth