1. 1 1.1 Introduction to the Transportation Sector 1.2 Transportation System Characteristics 1.3 Modes of Transportation 1.5 Fields of Transportation Engineering T RANSPORTATION S YSTEM E NGINEERING 1, 61360 1.4 Transportation Systems Issues and Challenges

2. 2 1.1 Introduction to the Transportation Sector T RANSPORTATION S YSTEM E NGINEERING 1, 61360

3. 3 Highway Engineering: – “The phase of transportation engineering that deals with the planning, geometric and pavement design, operations, and maintenance of roads, streets, and highways, to ensure safe and effective transportation of people and goods”. Transportation Engineering: ‒“The application of technology and science principles to the planning, functional design, operation and management of facilities for any mode of transportation in order to provide safe, rapid, comfortable, convenient, economical, and environmentally compatible movement of people and goods”. T RANSPORTATION S YSTEM E NGINEERING 1, 61360

4. 4 Movement of people and goods Essential for socio-economic activities and our every-day life Consists of human, modes of transportation and infrastructure (links and terminals). Human Infrastr- ucture Modes (Vehicles) T RANSPORTATION S YSTEM E NGINEERING 1, 61360

5. 5 The ability to move people and goods from one location to another is perhaps the key to survival. In business, it is considered as an auxiliary to trade, it supports trade and industry in carrying raw materials to the place of production and distributing finished products for consumption. National economic growth, industrialization, and massive production. T RANSPORTATION S YSTEM E NGINEERING 1, 61360

6. 6 In the modern times, leading industrial countries with strong economy have advanced transportation systems. Japan with limited natural resources, relies heavily on transportation.

7. 7 1.Makes available raw materials to manufacturers or producers. 2.Makes available goods to customers 3.Enhances standard of living 4.Helps during emergencies and natural disasters 5.Helps in labor mobility. 6.Helps in bringing together, social values 7.Helps in creation of employment T RANSPORTATION S YSTEM E NGINEERING 1, 61360

8. 8 Building vast transportation systems requires enormous resources of energy, material, and land. In major cities, transportation can consume as much as half of all the land area. Transportation leads to many problems: – Environmental Impacts Emissions, Noise, Pollution of air and water etc – Safety Issues Collisions – Energy Consumption T RANSPORTATION S YSTEM E NGINEERING 1, 61360

9. 9 The first wheeled military vehicles were developed around 2500 B.C. In 1840s, the horse-drawn street car, operating at an average speed of 7 km/hr. In 1885 with Daimler and Benz's introduction of the gasoline powered internal combustion engine. The first automobile was produced in 1886 (by Daimler and Benz). The first flight of Wright brothers in a heavier-than air machine in 1903 The first diesel electric locomotive was introduced in 1921 T RANSPORTATION S YSTEM E NGINEERING 1, 61360