1. A POCKET GUIDE TO PUBLIC SPEAKING 4TH EDITION Chapter 1
Becoming a Public Speaker

2. Gain a Vital Life Skill Skill in public speaking
Gives you an unmistakable edge;
Leads to greater confidence and satisfaction;
Is a potent weapon in career development.
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3. Enhance Your Career as a Student
Skills used when preparing speeches:
Researching topics
Analyzing audiences
Outlining and organizing ideas
Supporting claims
These skills apply to other courses.

4. Find New Opportunities for Civic Engagement
Studying public speaking allows you to
Research topics meaningful to you;
Consider alternate viewpoints;
Choose a course of action;
Distinguish between arguments and uncivil speech.

5. The Classical Roots of Public Speaking
Ancient Greece
Developed rhetoric (making effective speeches—also called oratory)
Used rhetoric to persuade public policy
Practiced public speaking in forums
1. Added term oratory to first arrow bullet; 2. last arrow bulleted edited for parallel structure.

6. The Classical Roots of Public Speaking (cont.)
Aristotle developed the canons of rhetoric:
Invention
Arrangement
Style
Memory
Delivery

7. Learning to Speak in Public
Public speaking:
Acquired skill
Improves with practice
Similar to speaking and writing
Utilizes skills you already have

8. Draw on Conversational Skills
Skills you commonly use in conversation:
Checking to ensure you are understood
Adjusting your meaning as necessary
Discussing issues appropriate to the circumstances
Uncovering the audience’s interests and attitudes

9. Draw on Skills in Composition
Skills used in writing:
Having a sense of the audience
Researching a topic
Offering credible evidence
Employing effective transitions
Devising persuasive appeals

10. Draw on Skills in Composition (cont.)
Similar components of speeches and essays:
Compelling introduction
Clear thesis statement
Supporting ideas
Thoughtful conclusion

11. Develop an Effective Oral Style
Practices of successful speakers:
Using familiar words
Using easy-to-follow sentences
Using transitional words and phrases
Repeating key words and phrases

12. Develop an Effective Oral Style (cont.)
Relate your message to the audience.
Specific references to yourself, audience
Use clear, recognizable, and organized speech.
Offer the audience something of value.
1. Relating changed to Relate in first bullet for parallel structure.

13. Become an Inclusive Speaker
Address diverse audiences with sensitivity.
Cultivate your cultural intelligence.
Strive for inclusion.
Adopt an audience-centered perspective.

14. Public Speaking as a Form of Communication
Four categories of human communication:
Dyadic communication
Between two people
Small group communication
Small number of people
See, speak directly with one another
Line space added before second arrow bullet (compare next slide).

15. Public Speaking as a Form of Communication (cont.)
Mass communication
Speaker and large audience (usually not present)
Public speaking
Speaker delivers message with specific purpose
Audience is present during speech

16. Public Speaking as a Form of Communication (cont.)
Public speaking always includes
A speaker with a reason for speaking;
An audience that gives its attention;
A message meant to accomplish a purpose.

17. Public Speaking as an Interactive Communication Process
Elements of communication:
Source (creates a message)
Receiver (receives the message)
Message (content of the communication process)
Channel (medium of the message)
Shared meaning (mutual understanding)

18. Public Speaking as an Interactive Communication Process (cont.)

19. Public Speaking as an Interactive Communication Process (cont.)
Context
Influences the speaker, audience, or occasion
May include:
Recent events
Physical setting
Cultural orientation of audience members

20. Public Speaking as an Interactive Communication Process (cont.)
Rhetorical situation
Circumstance calling for a public response
Speech purpose or goal
What the audience should learn or do