1. WGA TRANSPORTATION FUELS FOR THE FUTURE INITIATIVE Hydrogen Report Summary George Sverdrup Transportation Fuels for the Future Denver, CO October 10-12

2. Hydrogen Potential in the West  Hydrogen can provide potential benefits to the Western States as a transportation fuel  Energy security by diversifying energy supply  Environmental quality as a potentially zero-C fuel with zero criteria pollutants  Economic growth through new jobs in emerging industries and technologies  Hydrogen can be produced from a variety of energy sources plentiful in the Western States  Renewables, such as solar and wind  Hydropower  Biomass  Natural gas  Coal  All Western States can benefit in implementing hydrogen as a transportation fuel  Fuel-cell cars first in California’s large cities Build momentum for investment in other Western States.  Fuel-cell buses in major cities within each of the Western States.  Indigenous renewable wind, solar, biomass, and hydropower resources as well as coal to produce hydrogen for export

3. Unique Challenges  Hydrogen production from the Western States’ diverse resources  Hydrogen distribution across the broad areas and population densities of the Western States  Hydrogen storage system costs and volumetric efficiency  Availability of hydrogen vehicles and supporting hydrogen refueling infrastructure  High cost of hydrogen technologies relative to incumbent technologies  Limited consumer/public knowledge of hydrogen technologies and their use  Inconsistent or non-existent codes and standards for hydrogen as a transportation fuel  Uncertainty in the investment environment for hydrogen technologies

4. Near-Term Actions For implementation within 3 years  Develop and adopt State Hydrogen for Transportation plans  Identify and establish funding sources for hydrogen infrastructure  Promote and support early-market PEM fuel cell applications and hydrogen demonstration projects.  Actively support funding for federal hydrogen programs  Define hydrogen as a transportation fuel not a hazardous chemical  Support the accelerated adoption of national standards and model codes  Encourage improved industry-university- national laboratory involvement  Implement recommendations on permitting, codes, and standards  Perform public outreach and education activities.

5. Mid- and Long-Term Actions For Implementation in 3-10 years  Develop education programs that will develop a skilled hydrogen work force  Expand hydrogen demonstration projects that bring together hydrogen- powered vehicles and refueling infrastructure.  Establish and ensure environmental guidelines are met  Establish tax incentives for hydrogen production, refueling infrastructure, and vehicles. For Implementation in 10 years and Beyond  Maintain tax incentives for renewable hydrogen production, refueling infrastructure, and vehicles.