1. Miscellaneous Hydraulic Machine
Prepared by :
Shankar mayank
Snjaybhai rajguru college of enginering , rajkot

2. In this chapter following machine are discussed
Introduction
The function of this machine is to store the energy and to transmit it through an incompressible fluid like water or oil.
In this chapter following machine are discussed
Hydraulic accumulator
Hydraulic ram
Hydraulic intensifier
Hydraulic jack
Hydraulic press
Fluid coupling
Hydraulic crane
Torque converter
Hydraulic lift

3. Simple hydraulic accumulator

4. Hydraulic accumulator
Which store or accumulate the energy of fluid under pressure when it is not needed and supplies the energy when need arises.
It works like a fly wheel of an engine, electric storage batteries.
In descending position of ram no energy is required.
It takes a more time to put the machine in operation.
The stored energy is used to run hydraulic machine like hydraulic crane, hydraulic lift, etc.

5. Differential Hydraulic accumulator
The main disadvantage of a simple hydraulic accumulator is that heavy weight are required on a ram to store the fluid under very high pressure.

6. Hydraulic Intensifier
For transforming hydraulic power at low pressure into a reduced volume at higher pressure
Which is used for increasing the intensity of pressure by utilizing the energy of the large quantity fluid.

7. Hydraulic Press
A hydraulic press is used to lift heavy load with the application of much smaller force
It works on the basis of pascal’s principle.

8. Hydraulic crane

9. Jigger

10. Hydraulic Crane and Lift
The function of jigger is to raise or lower a load.
The jigger can be used either vertical, horizontal or inclined position.

11. Hydraulic Lift

12. Hydraulic ram

13. Hydraulic ram
Hydraulic ram is a hydraulic device which is used to lift a small quantity of water to a greater height using the energy of a large quantity of water available comparatively at low heads.
The efficiency of the hydraulic ram depends upon
Losses in pipe
Losses in valve box
Ratio of length of supply pipe to delivery head (l/H), & ratio of supply head to delivery head(h/H)
For optimum performance
l/H = 2.5
h/H = 5

15. Advantages
It has no moving parts. No lubrication is needed.
It does not need any external power.
Repair and maintenance cost is negligible.
Disadvantages
Wastage of water is high.
It makes a lots of noise.

16. Fluid Coupling

17. Fluid Coupling
It is used to transmit the power and is combination of a centrifugal pump and turbine, pump act as a driver and turbine as a driven.
At full speed, the two shaft are supposed to be rotating at the same speed, because of slip, driven shaft speed is less about 2%.
Efficiency of the coupling is 98%.

18. Torque converter

19. Torque converter
In torque converter third component is added stator between the pump impeller and turbine rotor.
The function of the runner is to change the direction of flow.
The efficiency of the torque converter lies between the 85 to 87 %.
Torque converter gives the higher efficiency at the low speed ratio as compared to fluid coupling. There is decrease in efficiency when the speed ratio increases from 0.5 to 0.6
Use combination of torque converter and fluid coupling for efficient performance over the full range of speed ratio. In that case, as soon as the output torque becomes equal to the input torque, the fixed guide vane(stator) start rotating and combination start working in a fluid coupling.

20. Air lift pump

21. Hydraulic Jack