1. Joints

2. Objectives Name the 3 types of joints Give examples of each type of joint

3. Joints What is a joint? ◦

4. Joints A joint is a part of the body that allows another part to move. E.g. ◦ Knee ◦ Hip ◦ Neck ◦ Skull There are 3 types ◦ Fibrous (Faser-) ◦ Cartilaginous (Knorpel-) ◦ Synovial

5. Things to think about Which of your joints allow the most movement Which allow the least? Why have a joint that restricts movement?

6. Fibrous joints These connect bones but don’t allow them to move ◦ E.g. in the skull, teeth

7. Cartilaginous joints These use a layer of cartilage, which can be squashed, to allow movement ◦ E.g. the vertebrae

8. Synovial joints These are filled with a fluid and allow a lot of movement. ◦ E.g. hip, knuckles, elbow There are 2 types ◦ Hinge joints (Scharniergelenk) ◦ Ball and socket joints (Kugelgelenk)

10. Ball and socket joints (Kugelgelenk) +These allow a large range of movement - They need a lot of muscle to keep them stable E.g. shoulder, hip

11. Hinge joints (Scharniergelenk) + These do not need much effort to keep them stable - They restrict movement E.g. fingers, knee, elbow

12. Arthritis This is often caused by damage to the joint which leads to inflammation Very common in older people

13. Snapping the cruciate ligament These ligaments attach the femur to the tibia A snap is extremely painful and has to be corrected with surgery

14. Joint replacement A damaged joint can be replaced by one made of metal and plastic

15. Video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BXoM a2bVC18 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BXoM a2bVC18

16. Task Create a mind map to show what you have learnt about joints, muscles and bones