1. Nutrition: An Applied Approach Janice Thompson Melinda Manore Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings PowerPoint ® Lecture Slides prepared by AMY MARION New Mexico State University 6 Proteins: Crucial Components of All Body Tissues

2. Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings How Much Protein Should We Eat? Proper protein intake depends on – Activity level – Age – Health status Example: each day, a sedentary adult requires 0.8 grams protein per kg of body weight.

3. Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings How Much Protein Should We Eat? People who require more protein include – Children – Adolescents – Pregnant or lactating women – Athletes – Vegetarians

4. Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings How Much Protein Should We Eat? Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) – 0.8 grams protein per kg body weight – 12-20% of total energy intake should be from protein

5. Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings How Much Protein Should We Eat?

6. Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Can You Eat Too Much Protein? The risks of too much protein may include – High cholesterol and heart disease Diets high in protein from animal sources are associated with high cholesterol – Possible bone loss High protein diets MAY cause excess calcium excretion leading to bone loss

7. Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Can You Eat Too Much Protein? The risks of too much protein may include – Kidney disease High protein diets are associated with an increased risk of kidney disease Especially for people who may be susceptible to kidney disease

8. Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Vegetarian Diets Vegetarianism: restricting the diet to foods of plant origin. There are many versions of vegetarianism. There are many reasons to adopt a vegetarian diet.

9. Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Vegetarian Diets

10. Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Why Vegetarianism? People chose vegetarianism for – Health benefits – Ecological reasons – Religious reasons – Ethical reasons – Concerns over food safety

11. Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Health Benefits of Vegetarianism – Lower intake of fat and total energy – Lower blood pressure – Reduce the risk of heart disease – Reduce the risk of some types of cancer – Fewer digestive problems

12. Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Challenges of Vegetarianism Vegetarian diets can be low in some vitamins and minerals. Vegetarians must plan a balanced and adequate diet. Vegetarians can use soy products as a protein source.

13. Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Challenges of a Vegetarian Diet Vegetarians should include complementary proteins. Vegetarians should use a Vegetarian Food Guide Pyramid to design their diet.

14. Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Vegetarian Food Guide Pyramid

15. Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Protein – Energy Malnutrition Protein-energy malnutrition: a disorder caused by inadequate intake of protein and energy. There are two common forms: – Marasmus – Kwashiorkor

16. Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Protein – Energy Malnutrition Marasmus: disease resulting from severely inadequate intakes of protein, energy, and other nutrients. Marasmus symptoms include – Severe wasting of muscle tissue – Stunted physical growth – Stunted brain development – Anemia

17. Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Protein – Energy Malnutrition Kwashiorkor: disease resulting from extremely low protein intake. Kwashiorkor symptoms include – Some weight loss and muscle wasting – Edema resulting in distention of the belly – Retarded growth and development Kwashiorkor is often seen in children in developing countries.

18. Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

19. Genetic Diseases Some genetic diseases can result in protein abnormalities. The genetic diseases include – Phenylketonuria – Sickle cell anemia – Cystic fibrosis

20. Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Health Effects of Too Much Protein ? Kidney Disease Adult Bone Loss?