1. Volcanoes Chapter 9 Sections 1, 2,and 3 Pages 250-265 Write down the underlined items.

2. What is a volcano? A volcano is an area of the Earth’s surface through which magma and volcanic gases pass: a place on Earth where magma & gases come out Most volcanoes are located at plate boundaries. WHY? 75% of the volcanoes in the world are located in the Ring of Fire.

3. Ring of Fire

4. 3 Types of Volcanoes Shield Volcano Cinder Cone Volcano Composite Volcano

5. Shield Volcano Here are 4 of the volcanoes that comprise the big island of Hawaii. They are Mauna Kea (MK), Mauna Loa (ML), Hualalai (H), and Kohala (K). The photo was taken from near the summit of East Maui volcano (EM). These are the largest volcanoes on Earth.

6. Volcanic Eruption Island of Stromboli, November 2006

7. Shield Volcano—nonexplosive Named for its shape; shaped like a shield Built from layers of lava released from non-explosive eruptions Lava spreads out over a wide area. Have gently sloping sides. Mount Kea, in Hawaii, is the largest shield volcano on Earth; measured from its base on the sea-floor, it is taller than Mount Everest.

8. Shield Volcano Belknap Shield Volcano in Oregon.

9. Cinder Cone Volcano Veniaminof, AlaskaMount Etna, Italy

10. NOTICE HOW THE CONE GETS BIGGER AS THE ERUPTION CONTINUES. 1 2 3

11. Cinder Cone Volcano Made of pyroclastic material (hardened blobs of magma, small pieces of hardened magma and ash) Produced from moderately explosive eruptions have steep slopes are usually small often occur in clusters erode very quickly because the pyroclastic material is not cemented together

12. Composite Volcanoes Mount Ranier, Washington

14. Composite Volcanoes Sometimes called stratovolcanoes. Most common type of volcano. Composite volcanoes form from alternating explosive and non- explosive eruptions. Composite volcanoes have broad bases and sides that get steeper toward the top.

15. COMPOSITE VOLCANO CINDER CONE VOLCANO SHIELD VOLCANO

16. What is a crater? The area around the central vent of a volcano is called a crater.

17. Crater Lake, Oregon

18. What is a Hotspot? A hot spot is an area of persistent volcanic activity. Hot spots originate at unusually hot areas of the mantle-core boundary. Overlying mantle melts forming plumes of magma that rise and penetrate the crust forming volcanoes.

19. Hot Spots Continued Hawaii, Iceland, and Yellowstone are examples of hot spots. Hot spots are generally characterized by large outpourings of basaltic lava for relatively long periods of time.

20. Review 1. Largest type of volcano: 2. Volcano with alternating layers of lava and pyroclastic material: 3. Volcano made of pyroclastic material: 4. Volcano made of layers of lava released from a non-explosive eruption: 5. The area around the central vent of a volcano: 6. Volcanoes that usually form in clusters: 7. What is pyroclastic material? 8. Volcano that forms from explosive eruptions: 9. What is a hotspot?