1. www.jst.umn.edu Sonicators

2. www.jst.umn.edu Sonicators Probe Sonicator Bath Sonicator

3. www.jst.umn.edu Hazards Sonicators apply sound energy to samples. Both types of sonicators generate a large amount of heat. Sonication may lead to the vaporization of solvents. If the sample is processed in a sealed vial, pressure may build up and cause explosion. Organic liquids may catch fire during sonication. The water in the bath sonicator may dry out. The temperature of the bath may even reach ~100 o C before it dries out. 3

4. www.jst.umn.edu To Prevent Accidents Be aware of the hazards, and think about possible consequences. Check the boiling points of the organic solvents used with sonication. Use appropriate cooling, such as ice or dry ice if necessary, especially with probe sonicators. Make sure that the water level in the bath sonicator is high enough, especially before long-time sonication. If possible, check the temperature often.