1. PHT 222 – UNIT – 4 – TENS - QUIZ

2. TRUE OR FALSE  TENS is the application of E.S. to the skin via surface electrodes to stimulate nerve (Sensory) fibers primarily for PAIN RELIEF symptomatically.  Nociceptive pathways means (the encoding and processing in the nervous system of noxious stimuli)nervous systemnoxious stimuli  In Acute pain, The signs & symptoms of inflammation are very strongly perceived which leads to very intense pain.  The signs & symptoms of inflammation is very less – leads to mild pain in certain activities.

3. TRUE OR FALSE  A δ is a Myelinated nerve fiber.  C afferent fiber is an unmyelinated nerve fiber.  Neurotransmitter – Substance “P” is believed to be the neurotransmitter involved at the synapse between 1 st & 2 nd order neurons.  The passage of nociceptive information is interrupted along several stages of ascending nociceptive pathways to produce Neuromodulation of pain.

4. TRUE OR FALSE  The modulation of pain occurs by Gate control theory (Pre-synaptic inhibition) & Descending pain suppression The fundamental – physiological gating mechanism exists in the dorsal horn which may allow or inhibit the nociceptive to proceed centrally.  It is believed that the input from mechanoreceptor effectively ↓ the excitability of nociceptor cell to pain generated stimuli.  If pain stimuli is more then the information is passed to the higher centers with out inhibition.

5. COMPLETE THE SENTENCE  Main physiological mechanism A. ___________ B. ______________  Define Pain? ____________________________________________________  Types of Pain? A. _______________ B. _______________  List the regions of nervous system in which the pain impulse/stimulus travels?  A. ____________ B. ____________ C. _____________ D. _______________  List the various types of sensory receptors?  A. ____________ B. ____________ C. ____________ D. __________ E. _________

6. COMPLETE THE SENTENCE  List the 3 types of neuron arrangement between the periphery & the cerebral cortex.? A. __________ B. __________ C. ___________  Name the pathway in which the 2 nd order neuron carry the noxious stimuli?  A. _____________ B. _______________  Important facts about Reticular Formation?  A. __________________ B. ____________________ C. _________________  What is the important role of PAG & NRM?  A. ___________________ B. _____________________

7. COMPLETE THE SENTENCE  Important role of Thalamus? A. __________ B. __________  Important role of cerebral cortex?  A. _____________ B. _______________ C. _______________ D. _____________  Important role of limbic system?  A. __________________ B. ____________________  What is the main concept behind the modulation of pain at peripheral level?  _________________________________

8. COMPLETE THE SENTENCE  What is the main concept behind the modulation of pain at spinal segmental & supra segmental level?  _______________________________________________________________  What is the main concept behind the modulation of pain at cortical level?  A. ________________________ B. _____________________________  The Gate control theory was proposed by?  ______________________________________  List the main sources, which are responsible for descending pain mechanism?  A._______________B.__________________c._________________