1. Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall. Chapter 7 7-1

2. Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall. 7-2 Contrast audit evidence with evidence used by other professions. Identify the four audit evidence decisions that are needed to create an audit program. Specify the characteristics that determine the persuasiveness of evidence. Identify and apply the eight types of evidence used in auditing.

3. Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall. 7-3 Understand the purposes of audit documentation. Prepare organized audit documentation. Describe how technology affects audit evidence and audit documentation.

4. Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall. Contrast audit evidence with evidence used by other professions. 7-4 1 1

5. Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall. 7-5  Any information used by the auditor to determine whether the information being audited is stated in accordance with established criteria  The use of evidence is not unique to auditors  Evidence is also used by scientists, lawyers, and historians

6. Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall. 7-6

7. Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall. Identify the four audit evidence decisions that are needed to create an audit program. 7-7 2 2

8. Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall. 7-8 1. Which audit procedures to use 2. What sample size to select for a given procedure 3. Which items to select from the population 4. When to perform the procedures (timing)

9. Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall. 7-9 It includes a list of the audit procedures the auditor considers necessary.  Sample sizes  Items to select  Timing of the tests Many auditors use audit software packages to generate audit programs.

10. Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall. Specify the characteristics that determine the persuasiveness of evidence. 7-10 3 3

11. Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall. 7-11 Two determinants: AppropriatenessSufficiency The persuasiveness of evidence can be evaluated only after considering the combination of appropriateness and sufficiency

12. Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall. 7-12 1. Independence of provider 2. Effectiveness of client’s internal controls 3. Auditor’s direct knowledge 4. Qualification of individuals providing the information 5. Degree of objectivity 6. Timeliness

13. Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall. 7-13 Audit Evidence Decisions Audit procedures and timing Sample size and items to select Qualities Affecting Persuasiveness of Evidence Appropriateness Relevance Reliability Independence of provider Effectiveness of internal controls Auditor's direct knowledge Qualifications of provider Objectivity of evidence Timeliness When procedures are performed Portion of period being audited Sufficiency Adequate sample size Selection of proper population items

14. Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall. 7-14 In making decisions about evidence for a given audit, both persuasiveness and cost must be considered. The auditor’s goal is to obtain a sufficient amount of appropriate evidence at the lowest total cost.

15. Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall. Identify and apply the eight types of evidence used in auditing. 7-15 4 4

16. Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall. 7-16 Physical Examination Audit Evidence Client Inquiries Observation Confirmation Reperformance Inspection Recalculation Analytical procedures

17. Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall. 7-17

18. Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall. 7-18 It is the inspection or count by the auditor of a tangible asset. This type of evidence is most often associated with inventory and cash.

19. Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall. 7-19 Auditing Standards United States International Requirements  Auditor must confirm accounts receivable  Auditors control the mailing and receipt of replies  Electronic confirmations are permitted  Confirmations are not required

20. Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall. 7-20

21. Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall. 7-21 It is the auditor’s examination of the client’s documents and records. Internal documents External documents

22. Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall. 7-22  Understand the client’s industry and business  Assess the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern  Indicate the presence of possible misstatements in the financial statements  Reduce detailed audit tests

23. Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall. 7-23 It is the obtaining of written or oral information from the client in response to questions from the auditor.

24. Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall. 7-24 Involves rechecking a sample of calculations made by the client.

25. Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall. 7-25 The auditor’s independent tests of client accounting procedures or controls that were originally done as part of the entity’s accounting and internal control system.

26. Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall. 7-26  Use one’s senses to assess client activities.  Tour plant to obtain a general impression of client’s facilities.  Observation is rarely sufficient by itself.  Often need to corroborate with another kind of evidence.

27. Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall. 7-27

28. Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall. 7-28

29. Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall. 7-29 Terms Examine Scan Read Compute Recompute Foot Trace Compare Count Observe Inquire Vouch Type of Evidence Inspection Analytical procedures Inspection Analytical procedures Recalculation Inspection/Reperformance Inspection Physical examination Observation Inquiries of client Inspection

30. Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall. Understand the purposes of audit documentation. 7-30 5 5

31. Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall. 7-31 Audit documentation is the record of the audit procedures performed, relevant audit evidence, and conclusions the auditor reached.

32. Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall. 7-32  Purposes of audit documentation  Ownership of audit files  Confidentiality of audit files  Requirements for Retention of audit Documentation

33. Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall. 7-33 The Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires auditors of public companies to prepare and maintain audit working papers for a period of not less than seven years.

34. Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall. Prepare organized audit documentation. 7-34 6 6

35. Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall. 7-35

36. Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall. 7-36 These files are intended to contain data of a historical or continuing nature pertinent to the current audit.

37. Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall. 7-37  Audit program  General information  Working trial balance  Adjusting and reclassification entries  Supporting schedules

38. Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall. 7-38

39. Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall. 7-39  Analysis  Trial balance or list  Reconciliation of amounts  Tests of reasonableness

40. Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall. 7-40  Summary of procedures  Examination of supporting documents  Informational  Outside documentation

41. Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall. 7-41  Proper identification of each file  Files indexed and cross-referenced  Clear indication of work performed  Include sufficient information  State conclusions reached

42. Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall. 7-42

43. Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall. 7-43 7 7

44. Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall. 7-44  Audit evidence is increasingly in electronic form  Auditors must evaluate how electronic information affects their ability to gather evidence  Auditors use computers to read and examine evidence  Software programs are typically Windows-based

45. Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall. 7-45

46. Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall. 7-46 Copyright All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America.