1. Gait

2. objective Definition of the gait Anatomical aspect of normal gait
To understand basic physiology of the gait
To understand the normal gait
Abnormal gait in relation of anatomical abnormalities
Study of each joint, bone muscle and nerve involved in the gait.
Review some common causes of gait abnormalities.

3. definition
The maintenance of an upright posture and act of walking

4. Anatomical aspects of the gait
For normal gait we need normal:
Nervous system : CNS
PNS
MusculSkeletal system: muscle
joint
bone

5. Nervous system cortex: cerebellum basal ganglia Brain stem Spinal cord
peripheral nerves
NMJ
muscle

6. Abnormal gait in relation of anatomical abnormalities
Cortex: circumduction gait, Apraxic gait
Spinal cord: scissoring gait
Peripheral nerves: motor fiber foot drop,high step gait
sensory fiber:sensory ataxia
NMJ: waddling gait
Muscle: waddling gait
Basal ganglia: short step gait, Shuffling gait
Cerebellum: cerebellar ataxia,Tandem gait
Joint and bone: Limping gait

7. Review some common causes of gait abnormalities
Cortex: stroke
Spinal cord :trauma, compression
PN: DM,drugs
NMJ: mysthenia gravis
Muscle: polymyocities
Joint: arthritis
Bone :fracture

8. References
Neurological exam made easy
Bradley text book