1. Thermometers Thermometers A device to measure temperatures Epan needs a thermometer to measure the meat temperature E. coli in meat can survive at least 160°F temperature US Dept. of Health & Human Services suggests: 145°F for roasts, steaks, and chops of beef, veal, and lamb; 160°F for pork, ground veal, and ground beef; 165°F for ground poultry; 180°F for whole poultry  To prevent foodborne illnesses

2. Types of Thermometers Liquid-in-glass Thermometers Bimetal Thermometers Resistance Thermometers Infrared Thermometers Gas Thermometers Liquid-crystal Thermometers SourceSource Source: http://www.howstuffworks.com/nature/climate-weather/meteorological-instruments/thermometer-info6.htm

4. Epan Thermometer Design Multiple heat sensors in Epan spikes Spikes attached to heat-conducting base (Teflon/Silicon/Rubber) Insulated wire connected to computer chip by a connector Digital display of temp gradient on Epan handle

5. What is the E pan? What type of thermometer are we using? The E Pan is a frying pan with a thermometer screen on the handle. Digital thermometers usually work through thermostatic sensors, or thermistors which are in our spikes. These sensors react to temperature changes by altering their amount of resistance. Resistance refers to the degree that something resists an electric current running through it. A microchip or circuit in the device then converts that change in resistance to a temperature and displays it digitally on the readout screen. That resistance sensor in the E Pan is located in the center of the cooking gadget, at the primary heat source. That way, you can get an exact readout of the lowest possible temperature on the pan and avoid undercooking your food.

6. Enlarged Individual Spike (Heat Sensor) Sensor Base Wire

7. Sources http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermometers http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meat_thermometer http://www.howstuffworks.com/gadgets/kitchen/digital- thermometer-pans.htmhttp://www.howstuffworks.com/gadgets/kitchen/digital- thermometer-pans.htm http://science.howstuffworks.com/nature/climate-weather /meteorological-instruments/thermometer-info6.htm http://curiosity.discovery.com/question/how-do- resistance-thermometers-work http://hk- phy.org/contextual/heat/tep/act_thermometers_e.htmlhttp://hk- phy.org/contextual/heat/tep/act_thermometers_e.html http://www.chino.co.jp/english/products/03_NR.htm