1. Chapter 22 Advanced US History

2. Hoover’s Views: Hoover believed success was based on self-reliance, so he did not support government assistance or government-mandated programs to rescue people. Instead, he believed in the idea of voluntary cooperation – business leaders and workers would make sacrifices for the benefit of the nation. This would not be enough. Attempts at Relief: One of Hoover’s attempts to rescue the American economy was the Hawley-Smoot Tariff (signed into law in June 1930) Hawley-Smoot Tariff : Damaging Effects: Relying on Volunteers: Public Works: He doubled the budget for public works projects, like the Hoover Dam, and established the President’s Organization on Unemployment Relief (POUR), which encouraged local organizations to raise money to sponsor soup kitchens and clothing exchanges.

3. Hoovers Ideas Continued: Asked the Fed to put more money into circulation NCC: RFC: the Reconstruction Finance Corporation, for the government to make loans to banks and railroads. (loans were not enough to help) No Direct Relief: 1932: Emergency Relief and Construction Act was passed to increase public works money and for states loans. Reelection?

4. By 1931, discontent often led to violence in the streets. Looting, marches, and hunger rallies began. Even the American Communist Party held rallies to change the problems with the government. Communist Party: -The Communist Party…. -The Communist Party used their strength to highlight racist issues in American society. Most noteably, they funded the defense of the Scottsboro Boys. They wanted to show that the United States remained racist despite its rhetoric of equality. Scottsboro Boys –:Nine African American boys accused of raping a white woman in Scottsboro, Alabama, in 1931; they were imprisoned, although their guilt was never established conclusively. Four were released in 1937 and the others remained in prison until the 1940s. “Bonus Army”:

5. In mid-1932, Democrats joined together to nominate Franklin Roosevelt, governor of New York for president. After winning the election, a cartoonist used the words “a new deal” to stand for Roosevelt’s recovery program. From then on his policies were referred to as the New Deal. FDR’s Background: Early Political Career: After leaving college, ran for a senate seat in 1910 and earned a reputation as a progressive reformer. Was appointed Secretary of the Navy by Wilson during WWI. Was nominated for vice president in 1920 but lost. Polio:

6. Governor of New York: Ran for New York governor in 1928 and tried to hide his illness. His policies made him very popular. He helped unemployed workers in New York by getting them benefits and relief once the Depression hit. Many applauded him using government money to help the citizens and his long struggle with polio. People really thought he could help through the tough economic times. Running for President: