1. Classical Greece Outcome: Geography & Early Culture

2. Where is Greece?

3. Map Assignment: Ancient Greece

4. Geography & Early Culture 1.Setting the Stage: a.The geography of the ancient Greeks was considerably different than the previous cultures we have studied. b.The culture of the ancient Greeks was shaped by several different cultures: The Minoans, the Mycenaeans, the Phoenicians, and the Dorians.

5. Geography & Early Culture 2.Geography Shapes Greek Life a.Ancient Greece most consisted of a mountainous peninsula jutting out into the Mediterranean Sea b.Over 2,000 Islands in the Aegean and Ionian Seas c.The sea was to Greece what rivers were to Egypt and Mesopotamia d. It was said that the Greeks did not live on the land but around the sea e.The Greeks became master ship builders due to sea trade

6. Physical Map

7. Geography & Early Culture f.Greece lacked natural resources such as farmland, timber, and precious metals g.Rugged mountains covered ¾ ths of ancient Greece. h.The mountains divided up Greece into several different territories and shaped Greek political life i. Uneven terrain made travel difficult j.Large scale irrigation was not possible k.Land could not sustain a large population l.Climate varied from 48 degrees F in winter to 80 degrees F in summer

8. Geography & Early Culture 3.Early Cultures Influence the Greeks a.The Minoans i.Gave the Greeks architecture, burial customs, and religious rituals ii.Were outdoorsy and athletic like the Greeks

9. The Minoans

10. Extra Information: Minoans Minoans dominated trade in eastern Mediterranean from 2000 to 1400 B.C. Minoans dominated trade in eastern Mediterranean from 2000 to 1400 B.C. Lived on Crete (large island on the southern edge of the Aegean Sea). Lived on Crete (large island on the southern edge of the Aegean Sea). Produced some of the finest painted pottery of the time. Produced some of the finest painted pottery of the time. They traded pottery, swords, figurines, and precious metals. They traded pottery, swords, figurines, and precious metals.

11. Extra Information: Minoans Minoan culture influenced other nations with their art (architecture, burial customs, religious rituals). Minoan culture influenced other nations with their art (architecture, burial customs, religious rituals). Trading with Greece, heavily influenced how their culture developed. Trading with Greece, heavily influenced how their culture developed. Archeologists believe Minoans were peaceful and thriving. Archeologists believe Minoans were peaceful and thriving. Wall paintings reveal that the people enjoyed sports (boxing, wrestling, and bull leaping). Wall paintings reveal that the people enjoyed sports (boxing, wrestling, and bull leaping).

12. Extra Information: Minoans

13. Unclear why the Minoan civilization ended (around 1200 B.C.). Unclear why the Minoan civilization ended (around 1200 B.C.). Two possibilities: Two possibilities: Natural disasters Natural disasters Earthquakes Earthquakes Volcano eruptions Volcano eruptions Invaders from Greece Invaders from Greece

14. Geography & Early Culture b.The Phoenicians i.Gave the world the Phonetic Alphabet ii.Were excellent merchant ship builders – influenced Greek ship building

15. The Phoenicians

16. Extra Information: Phoenicians After Minoans decline, Phoenicians became the most powerful traders along the Mediterranean. After Minoans decline, Phoenicians became the most powerful traders along the Mediterranean. Phoenicia never truly united as a country, but founded a number of wealthy city-states. Phoenicia never truly united as a country, but founded a number of wealthy city-states. The first Mediterranean people to venture beyond the Strait of Gibraltar. The first Mediterranean people to venture beyond the Strait of Gibraltar. The city-states were known for their red-purple dye, and papyrus. Only royalty could afford the dye. Hence, the color became synonymous with royalty. The city-states were known for their red-purple dye, and papyrus. Only royalty could afford the dye. Hence, the color became synonymous with royalty.

17. Extra Information: Phoenicians Phoenicians built colonies along the northern coast of Africa, Sicily, and Spain to set up trading posts. Phoenicians built colonies along the northern coast of Africa, Sicily, and Spain to set up trading posts. Traded goods they received from other lands. Traded goods they received from other lands. Wine Wine Weapons Weapons Precious metals Precious metals Ivory Ivory Slaves Slaves Superb craftsmanship in wood, metal, ivory, and glass. Superb craftsmanship in wood, metal, ivory, and glass.

18. Extra Information: Phoenicians

19. The Phoenicians needed a way of recording transactions clearly and quickly when trading. The Phoenicians needed a way of recording transactions clearly and quickly when trading. They developed a writing system that used symbols to represent sounds. The Phoenician system was phonetic— one sign was used for one sound. They developed a writing system that used symbols to represent sounds. The Phoenician system was phonetic— one sign was used for one sound. The word alphabet comes directly from the first two letters of the Phoenician alphabet: aleph and beth. The word alphabet comes directly from the first two letters of the Phoenician alphabet: aleph and beth. As they traveled around the Mediterranean, the Phoenicians introduced this writing system to their trading partners. As they traveled around the Mediterranean, the Phoenicians introduced this writing system to their trading partners. The Greeks adopted the Phoenician alphabet and changed the form of some of the letters. The Greeks adopted the Phoenician alphabet and changed the form of some of the letters.

21. Geography & Early Culture c.The Mycenaeans i.Influenced Greek religious practice, art, politics, and literature ii.Fought the Trojans at Troy in the Trojan Wars

22. The Mycenaeans

23. Extra Information: Mycenaeans Mycenaeans realized the value of sea trade through the Minoans. Mycenaeans realized the value of sea trade through the Minoans. Culture of Mycenae (capital) influenced and formed the core of Greek religious practice, art, politics, and literature. Culture of Mycenae (capital) influenced and formed the core of Greek religious practice, art, politics, and literature.

24. Extra Information: Mycenaeans Trojan War Trojan War Mycenaeans fought a 10 year war against Troy. Mycenaeans fought a 10 year war against Troy. Troy – Independent trading city. Troy – Independent trading city. According to legend, a Greek army captured and destroyed Troy because a Trojan prince had kidnapped Helen (wife of a Greek king). According to legend, a Greek army captured and destroyed Troy because a Trojan prince had kidnapped Helen (wife of a Greek king).

25. Extra Information: Mycenaeans For centuries, historians thought the stories of the Trojan War were fictional. For centuries, historians thought the stories of the Trojan War were fictional. 20 th century excavations are showing evidence that the stories of the war are based on real cities, people, and events. 20 th century excavations are showing evidence that the stories of the war are based on real cities, people, and events. However, the story of the kidnapped queen still remains to be unclear. However, the story of the kidnapped queen still remains to be unclear. Mycenaean civilization collapsed after the Trojan War. Mycenaean civilization collapsed after the Trojan War.

26. Geography & Early Culture d.The Dorians i.Took over after the Mycenaeans ii.Not much is known about the Dorians iii.Known as dark ages of Greek History

27. The Dorians

28. Extra Information: Dorians Less advanced than the Mycenaeans. Less advanced than the Mycenaeans. Greeks appear to have lost the art of writing during the Dorian Age. Greeks appear to have lost the art of writing during the Dorian Age. No written records exists from the 400 year period (1150-750 B.C.). No written records exists from the 400 year period (1150-750 B.C.). Because of the lost history, this time was considered the Dark Ages of Greece. Because of the lost history, this time was considered the Dark Ages of Greece.

29. Geography & Early Culture 5.Greek Culture a.Due to the warm climate, the Greeks enjoyed and participated in outdoor activities b.Due to terrain, the Greeks created city-states c.Review: city-states operate much like independent countries d.Due to city-states, the Greeks were a civilization but not an empire e.The Greeks shared similarities in culture but politics and military differed by city

30. Greek City-States

31. Geography & Early Culture f.Greek epics, or narrative poems, celebrated heroic deeds and characters g. Homer wrote the Iliad (story of the Trojan Wars) and the Odyssey

32. Extra Information: Homer and Iliad Greatest storyteller was a blind man named Homer. Greatest storyteller was a blind man named Homer. Little is known about his personal life, but his writings will deeply impact Greek culture and beliefs. Little is known about his personal life, but his writings will deeply impact Greek culture and beliefs. Homer’s greatest epic poems was the Iliad. Homer’s greatest epic poems was the Iliad. Heroes of the poem were warriors Heroes of the poem were warriors Greek – Achilles Greek – Achilles Troy – Hector Troy – Hector This story is portrayed in the movie “Troy”, starring Brad Pitt and Eric Bana. This story is portrayed in the movie “Troy”, starring Brad Pitt and Eric Bana. His writings gives insight into the Greek heroic ideals of virtue and excellence. His writings gives insight into the Greek heroic ideals of virtue and excellence.

33. Extra Information: Myths Greeks developed a rich set of myths about their gods. Greeks developed a rich set of myths about their gods. The works of Homer and Hesiod are the source of much of Greek mythology. The works of Homer and Hesiod are the source of much of Greek mythology. Through the myths, the Greeks tried to understand the mysteries of nature and the power of human passions (love, hate, lust, anger, jealously, etc.…) Through the myths, the Greeks tried to understand the mysteries of nature and the power of human passions (love, hate, lust, anger, jealously, etc.…) We will study more about Greek mythology and gods throughout this unit. We will study more about Greek mythology and gods throughout this unit.

34. Geography & Early Culture h.Due to the sea the Greeks were master ship builders i.Built Triremes : sturdy ships with battering ram in front for battle

35. Greek Architecture Where do you see similar structures today??

36. Geography & Early Culture j.Greeks would pioneer democracy, philosophy, warfare, and architecture k.Gre eks would fight many battles against the superpower at the time: The Persians l. Alexander the Great would blend Greek, Persian, & Egyptian culture as he conquered much of SW Asia