1. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. The Prokaryotes: Domains Bacteria and Archaea

2. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Domain Bacteria  Proteobacteria  From the mythical Greek god Proteus, who could assume many shapes  Gram-negative  Chemoheterotrophic

3. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. The Alphaproteobacteria  Pelagibacter ubique  Discovered by FISH technique  20% of prokaryotes in oceans  0.5% of all prokaryotes  1354 genes

4. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. The Alphaproteobacteria  Obligate intracellular parasites  Ehrlichia: Tickborne, ehrlichiosis  Rickettsia: Arthropod-borne, spotted fevers  R. prowazekii: Epidemic typhus  R. typhi: Endemic murine typhus  R. rickettsii: Rocky Mountain spotted fever

5. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 11.1 Rickettsias

6. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Applications p. 307 The Alphaproteobacteria  Wolbachia: Live in insects and other animals

7. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Applications p. 307 Wolbachia

8. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figures 11.2b, 11.3 The Alphaproteobacteria  Have prosthecae  Caulobacter: Stalked bacteria found in lakes  Hyphomicrobium: Budding bacteria found in lakes

9. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 9.19 The Alphaproteobacteria  Plant pathogen  Agrobacterium: Insert a plasmid into plant cells, inducing a tumor

10. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. The Alphaproteobacteria  Chemoautotrophic  Oxidize nitrogen for energy  Fix CO 2  Nitrobacter: NH 3  NO 2 –  Nitrosomonas: NO 2 –  NO 3 –

11. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 27.5 The Alphaproteobacteria  Nitrogen-fixing bacteria  Azospirillum  Grow in soil, using nutrients excreted by plants  Fix nitrogen  Rhizobium  Fix nitrogen in the roots of plants

12. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. The Alphaproteobacteria  Produce acetic acid from ethanol  Acetobacter  Gluconobacter

13. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 11.5 The Betaproteobacteria  Thiobacillus  Chemoautotrophic; oxidize sulfur: H 2 S  SO 4 2–  Sphaerotilus  Chemoheterotophic; form sheaths

14. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 11.6 The Betaproteobacteria  Neisseria  Chemoheterotrophic; cocci  N. meningitidis  N. gonorrhoeae

15. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 27.20 The Betaproteobacteria  Zoogloea  Slimy masses in aerobic sewage-treatment processes

16. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 11.7 The Gammaproteobacteria  Pseudomonadales  Pseudomonas  Opportunistic pathogens  Metabolically diverse  Polar flagella

17. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. The Gammaproteobacteria  Pseudomonadales  Moraxella  Conjunctivitis  Azotobacter and Azomonas  Nitrogen fixing

18. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 24.14b The Gammaproteobacteria  Legionellales  Legionella  Found in streams, warm-water pipes, cooling towers  L. pneumophilia  Coxiella  Q fever transmitted via aerosols or milk

19. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 11.8 The Gammaproteobacteria  Vibrionales  Found in coastal water  Vibrio cholerae causes cholera  V. parahaemolyticus causes gastroenteritis

20. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. The Gammaproteobacteria  Enterobacteriales (enterics)  Peritrichous flagella; facultatively anaerobic  Enterobacter  Erwinia  Escherichia  Klebsiella  Proteus  Salmonella  Serratia  Shigella  Yersinia

21. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 11.9a The Gammaproteobacteria

22. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 11.9b The Gammaproteobacteria

23. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. The Gammaproteobacteria  Pasteurellales  Pasteurella  Cause pneumonia and septicemia  Haemophilus  Require X (heme) and V (NAD +, NADP + ) factors

24. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 11.10 The Deltaproteobacteria  Bdellovibrio  Prey on other bacteria

25. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. The Deltaproteobacteria  Desulfovibrionales  Use S instead of O 2 as final electron acceptor

26. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 11.11 The Deltaproteobacteria  Myxococcales  Gliding  Cells aggregate to form myxospores

27. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. The Epsilonproteobacteria  Campylobacter  One polar flagellum  Gastroenteritis

28. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 11.12 The Epsilonproteobacteria  Helicobacter  Multiple flagella  Peptic ulcers  Stomach cancer

29. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 2H 2 O + CO 2 light (CH 2 O) + H 2 O + O 2 2H 2 S + CO 2 light (CH 2 O) + H 2 O + 2S 0 Phototrophic  Oxygenic photosynthesis  Anoxygenic photosynthesis

30. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Oxygenic Photosynthetic Bacteria  Cyanobacteria  Gliding motility  Fix nitrogen

31. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 11.13 Cyanobacteria

32. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Anoxygenic Photosynthetic Bacteria  Purple sulfur  Purple nonsulfur  Green sulfur  Green nonsulfur

33. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 11.14 Purple Sulfur Bacteria

34. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 11.15 Clostridiales  Clostridium  Endospore-producing  Obligate anaerobes

35. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 11.17b Bacillales  Bacillus  Endospore–producing rods

36. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 11.18 Bacillales  Staphylococcus  Cocci

37. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. [Insert Figure 11.19] Figure 11.19 Lactobacillales  Generally aerotolerant anaerobes; lack an electron- transport chain  Lactobacillus  Streptococcus  Enterococcus  Listeria

38. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 11.20a, b Mycoplasmatales  Wall-less; pleomorphic  0.1 - 0.24 µm  M. pneumoniae

39. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Actinobacteria  High G + C  Gram-positive

40. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Actinobacteria  Actinomyces  Corynebacterium  Frankia  Gardnerella  Mycobacterium  Nocardia  Propionibacterium  Streptomyces

41. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 11.21 Streptomyces

42. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 11.21 Streptomyces

43. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 11.22 Actinomyces

44. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 11.23 Planctomycetes  Gemmata obscuriglobus  Double internal membrane around DNA

45. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 11.25 Spirochetes  Borrelia  Leptospira  Treponema

46. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Bacteroidetes  Anaerobic  Bacteroides are found in the mouth and large intestine  Cytophaga: Cellulose-degrading in soil

47. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 11.26 Fusobacteria  Fusobacterium  Are found in the mouth  May be involved in dental diseases

48. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Domain Archaea Extremophiles  Hyperthermophiles  Pyrodictium  Sulfolobus  Methanogens  Methanobacterium  Extreme halophiles  Halobacterium