1. Chapter 24: Disease of the respiratory tract Upper respiratory tract – Bacterial & Viral Diseases Lower respiratory tract – Bacterial, Viral, & Fungal Diseases

2. Upper respiratory system Diseases Pharyngitis Laryngitis Sinusitis Tonsilitis Epiglottitis

3. Streptococcus pyogenes- Streptococcal pharyngitis (strep throat)

4. S. pyogenes- scarlet fever Features -Erythrogenic toxin due to lysogenic event

5. Corynebacterium diptheriae- diptheria

6. Otitis media Multiple etiologies -S. pneumoniae -H. influenzae -Moraxella catarrhalis -S. pyogenes -S. aureus

7.  Picornaviridae family Pico-rna-virus Pico-rna-virus Rhino- nose Rhino- nose  Small, icosahedral, and non enveloped  Over 100 serotypes  Symptoms- Nasal dryness, sore throat, congestion Nasal dryness, sore throat, congestion Rhinovirus

8. Lower respiratory system

9. Bordatella pertussis- whooping cough Features -Produces tracheal toxin and pertussis toxin -Almost all current deaths in children too young to receive vaccine

10. Mycobacterium tuberculosis- Tuberculosis

11. Disease progression

14. Bacterial pneumonias

17. Influenza virus- orthomyxovirus

18. Coccidiomycosis  Also known as Valley fever or San Joaquin fever  Caused by Coccidioides immitis Dimorphic fungus Dimorphic fungus  Arthroconidia found in alkaline desert soils of the American Southwest  Form a spherule filled with endospores in tissues  Most infections are not apparent; fever, coughing, weight loss <1% of cases resemble tuberculosis <1% of cases resemble tuberculosis  Treated with amphotericin B or imidazole drugs

19. Figure 24.17 The life cycle of Coccidioides immitis, the cause of coccidioidomycosis. Spherule releases endospores. Endospores develop within spherule. Spherule in tissue (about 30 μm in diameter) Inhaled arthroconidium enlarges and begins to develop into a spherule. Airborne arthroconidium is inhaled. Some arthroconidia become airborne Arthroconidia separate from hypha Hypha begins to segment into arthroconidia. Tubular hypha Arthroconidium (about 5 μm long) germinates into tubular hypha. HumanSoil Released endospores spread in tissue—each developing into new spherule Some arthroconidia return to soil