2. Date: March 17, 2016 Aim #63: How are proteins synthesized? HW: 1)Protein Synthesis Worksheet 2)Human Phys. Unit 7b Packet due Friday (March 18 th ) Don’t forget Castle Learning! Human Phys Fridays!! Weekly Human Phys Review in Room 142 with yours truly 3)Genetics Test next Tuesday (p.5) & Wednesday (p.1 & p.7)!! Review Monday morning 7:30AM in Room 142 Do Now: Warm-Up Notebook DateTitle of Activity Page # 3/17DNA vs. RNA 108 Happy St. Patrick’s Day!!!

3. Aim #63: How are proteins synthesized?

4. 1) What are the main jobs of DNA? Replication & Protein Synthesis

5. Why does DNA replicate? So new cells can get a copy of the instructions on how to make proteins

6. 2) How are proteins synthesized? Transcription Translation

7. Transcription The process where the larger DNA molecule inside the nucleus is transcribed into the smaller mRNA molecule that can exit the nucleus and aid in making proteins.

8. 3) Why does mRNA have to leave the nucleus? mRNA Because the cytoplasm contains the sites of protein synthesis (ribosomes) and the free amino acids which make up the proteins.

9. 4) Ribosomes are in the cytoplasm Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis

10. 5) What transports the amino acids to the ribosomes? tRNA

11. 6) What are the parts of tRNA? 1) Anticodon- three bases that are complementary to a specific codon in the mRNA. 2)Binding Site- a specific amino acid binds here. Bases: A, U, G, C

12. 7) How does tRNA know what amino acid to deliver? tRNA Anti-codon mRNA - tRNA GGG…… AUC…… ACC…… CGU…… mRNA Codon CCC UAG UGG GCA It has an anti-codon and also attaches to amino acids and brings them to the ribosome.

13. mRNA - tRNA – amino acid GGG……CCC AUC……UAG ACC……UGG CGU……GCA -Ile -Gly -Thr -Arg

14. 9) mRNA vs. tRNA Transfer RNA Carries copy of instructions from nucleus to ribosome Carries amino acids to the ribosome Messenger RNA

15. 1. mRNA enters the cytoplasm. 2. tRNA picks up amino acids and carries them to the ribosome and the mRNA. 3. The anti-codon on the tRNA matches up with the mRNA codon. 10) Steps of Protein Synthesis: 4. Peptide bonds are formed between adjacent amino acids. Start Codon: AUG (met)

16. 10) Steps of Protein Synthesis: 5. A releasing factor binds to one of the 3 “stop codons” and this signals the release of the polypeptide chain. Stop Codons: UGA, UAA, UAG

17. Polypeptide synthesis