1. Chapter 7 Notes

2. I.MOSES AUSTIN A.1819: A DEPRESSION (a time in which businesses suffer and people lose jobs) hit U.S. and Moses lost his fortune; he sought to regain it in TEXAS B.He paved the way for ANGLO colonization of Texas

3. Famous Guys Named “Moses”

4. I.MOSES AUSTIN C.1820: Moses came to TX with his slave RICHMOND to get permission from Spain to bring in 300 families D.At first, Governor MARTINEZ refuses; he did not trust Austin…he thought Austin wanted to take over TX

5. I.MOSES AUSTIN E.Baron de BASTROP was a Dutch nobleman and old friend of both men. He talks to the governor and convinces him to allow Austin to bring in 300 families to settle TX.

6. II.STEPHEN F. AUSTIN (SFA) A.Moses Austin suddenly DIES of pneumonia; his SON SFA fulfills his father’s dream of settling TEXAS B.He was very SMART. He had been a businessman, legislator, judge, lawyer, and journalist.

7. II.STEPHEN F. AUSTIN (SFA) C.He was also a man of strength and CHARACTER. DISCUSS: – What is character? – What does it mean to have good character? – Who do you know that has it?

8. II.STEPHEN F. AUSTIN (SFA) D.Erasmo SEGUIN of San Antonio leads him to Mexico City. E.August 1821: SFA meets with Governor Martinez to finalize plans

10. II.STEPHEN F. AUSTIN (SFA) F. He picks the SITE for the colony, and begins ADVERTISING in Southern newspapers to persuade colonists to settle in Texas

12. III.SITE FOR SFA’S FIRST COLONY A.Land located between the COLORADO and BRAZOS Rivers

13. Colorado and Brazos Rivers

14. III.SITE FOR SFA’S FIRST COLONY B.Advantages: i.Fertile SOIL (for farming) ii.Mild CLIMATE iii.Abundant WATER iv.Natural RESOURCES v.No other settlements

15. IV.SFA’S LAND POLICY A.Could buy: i.Each MAN = 640 acres ii.Plus WIFE = 320 acres iii.Plus each CHILD = 160 acres iv.Plus each SLAVE = 80 acres v.Professionals = additional land

16. IV.SFA’S LAND POLICY B.Cost = 12.5 cents per acre C.Austin paid for cost of SURVEYING (the measurement of land to determine lot sizes and boundaries) and the TITLE (legal right to ownership of property)

17. V.RULES FOR COLONY A.Must take OATH of ALLEGIANCE to Spain (later Mexico); citizenship B.Be of good MORAL CHARACTER C.Become CATHOLIC

18. V.RULES FOR COLONY D.No DRUNKARDS E.No SWEARERS F.No GAMBLERS G.No IDLERS (lazy people)

19. VI.THE OLD 300 A.The name given to the first 300 families to settle in Austin’s colony B.SFA advertised in SOUTHERN newspapers

21. VI.THE OLD 300 C.SFA charted a ship, the LIVELY, to carry families and supplies along the coast

22. VI.THE OLD 300 D.Most families who answered his ads were small FARMERS E.The wealthiest man, JARED E. GROCE, was a planter who had 50 wagons and 90+ slaves

23. VII.SAN FELIPE DE AUSTIN A.CAPITOL of the colony and place of government B.SFA: i.Named EMPRESARIO (Spanish “contractor” or land agent who brought in new settlers) of colony

24. VII.SAN FELIPE DE AUSTIN B.SFA: ii.Commanded MILITIA (a temporary army unit) to protect colony from Indians iii.Lived in DOG-TROT cabin on 100,000 acres

25. DOG-TROT CABIN

26. VII.SAN FELIPE DE AUSTIN C. Gail BORDEN ran a printing press and the first NEWSPAPER; later made condensed MILK

27. I.SFA: THE MOST SUCCESSFUL EMPRESARIO A.He also established the LITTLE colony B.Located NORTHWEST of the first colony C.The capital was BASTROP

28. II.WHY WERE AUSTIN’S COLONIES SO SUCCESSFUL? A.SFA dealt SUCCESSFULLY with Mexican authorities B.Good fertile LAND to produce COTTON C.Plenty of WATER and TIMBER D.ROADS and RIVERS provided easy transportation

29. Early Texas Empresarios

30. III.OTHER EMPRESARIOS A.Green DEWITT i.2 nd most successful empresario ii.GONZALES was the capital of his colony (later known for “Come and Take It”)

31. “Come and Take It” Battle of Gonzales 1835

32. III.OTHER EMPRESARIOS B.Martin DELEON i.TEJANO – a person of Mexican heritage who considers Texas his home ii.Expert horseman and RANCHER

33. III.OTHER EMPRESARIOS B.Martin DELEON iii.VICTORIA was the capital of his colony along the Guadalupe River iv.His fortune began with DOWRY, or valuable goods, his wife Patricia brought into marriage

34. Victoria, Texas

35. III.OTHER EMPRESARIOS C.OTHERS i.David G. BURNET – later interim PRESIDENT of Texas ii.Ben MILAM – later leads SIEGE of San Antonio de Bexar in Texas Revolution

36. Who will go with old Ben Milam?

37. III.OTHER EMPRESARIOS C.OTHERS iii.Lorenzo de ZAVALA – Tejano and later interim VICE-PRESIDENT of Texas (see page 179) iv.Nancy TEVIS – later founded BEAUMONT

38. Beaumont, Texas

39. III.OTHER EMPRESARIOS D.Two IRISH colonies started by immigrant in Refugio and San Patricio

40. IV.POPULATION OF COLONIAL TEXAS A.By 1827, Texas had 21,000 people (mostly from U.S.)

41. IV.POPULATION OF COLONIAL TEXAS B.Texas was divided into 3 DEPARTMENTS – large administrative units similar to a territory i.NACOGDOCHES: 9,000 people (East TX) ii.BRAZOS: 8,000 people (included SFA colonies) iii.BEXAR: 4,000 people (San Antonio)

42. IV.POPULATION OF COLONIAL TEXAS C.The IMPERIAL COLONIZATION Law recognized SLAVERY but outlawed slave trading i.More than 2,000 enslaved Africans in Texas ii.Little were FREE, namely Hendrick Arnold, who later serves a spy for Texan army

43. IV.POPULATION OF COLONIAL TEXAS D.Mary AUSTIN HOLLEY, cousin of SFA, wrote a series of letters about WOMEN’S hardships living in the colonies (see p. 178)

44. IV.POPULATION OF COLONIAL TEXAS E.Education i.Some settlers joined together to form PRIVATE schools for their children ii.In 1829, Thomas J. PILGRIM, opened the first school in Texas in San Felipe de Austin iii.In 1830s, Frances TRASK opened one of the first schools for girls in Texas

45. V.MEXICAN TEXAS A.In 1821, Mexico declared independence from Spain i.In 1823, Spanish emperor ITURBIDE was overthrown ii.New Mexican government formed by FEDERALISTS (believed in sharing power b/w states and federal government) and CENTRALISTS (believed power should be concentrated in national or central government)

46. V.MEXICAN TEXAS B.CONSTITUTION OF 1824 i.ZAVALA was one of the Federalist writers ii.Fair plan of government, people had rights iii.Texas is part of the Mexican state, COAHUILA i.SALTILLO was the capital

47. Constitution of 1824

48. The Alamo Flag

49. V.MEXICAN TEXAS C.Mexican Colonization Laws (1824-1825) i.No colony within 10 miles of the coast ii.Each FAMILY given 4,428 acres of land for $30 iii.No TAXES for 10 years iv.A single man gets 1100 bonus acres if he marries a MEXICAN woman!