1. Federal Aviation Administration Runway Safety For Corporate Pilot’s Corporate Seminar August 8, 2009 Back to Basics For Runway Safety

2. Federal Aviation Administration Runway Safety For Corporate Pilot’s Corporate Seminar August 8, 2009

3. Federal Aviation Administration Runway Safety For Corporate Pilot’s Corporate Seminar August 8, 2009 Back to Basics For Runway Safety

4. Federal Aviation Administration Runway Safety For Corporate Pilot’s Corporate Seminar August 8, 2009 CLT Runway Incursion

5. Federal Aviation Administration Runway Safety For Corporate Pilot’s Corporate Seminar August 8, 2009 Charlotte 5/9/09 Human Factors Controller = “N409 DR Hold short of Romeo on Delta” Pilot = “Roger hold short of Romeo on Delta, 9 Delta Romeo” Error chain. Sterile cockpit Controllers are trained to “taxi into position and hold”

6. Federal Aviation Administration Runway Safety For Corporate Pilot’s Corporate Seminar August 8, 2009 RUNWAY SAFETY Facts and Figures

7. Federal Aviation Administration Runway Safety For Corporate Pilot’s Corporate Seminar August 8, 2009

8. Federal Aviation Administration Runway Safety For Corporate Pilot’s Corporate Seminar August 8, 2009 “Any occurrence at an aerodrome involving the incorrect presence of an aircraft, vehicle or person on the protected area of a surface designated for the landing and takeoff of aircraft.”

9. Federal Aviation Administration Runway Safety For Corporate Pilot’s Corporate Seminar August 8, 2009 145 109 193 120 29 78 17 78 14 Regional Breakdown for Runway Incursions - FY09 (thru 8/6/09) Total = 783

10. Federal Aviation Administration Runway Safety For Corporate Pilot’s Corporate Seminar August 8, 2009 Distribution by Type of Runway Incursions FY 2009 thru (08/5/09)FY 2005-2008 7

11. Federal Aviation Administration Runway Safety For Corporate Pilot’s Corporate Seminar August 8, 2009 Runway Incursion Severity Categories Operational dimensions affecting runway incursion severity: Environmental Conditions Speed of Aircraft and/or Vehicle Proximity of Aircraft and/or Vehicle Increasing Severity Category D Little or no chance of collision, but meets the definition of a runway incursion. Available Reaction Time Evasive or Corrective Action Category C Separation decreases, but there is ample time and distance to avoid a potential collision. Category B Separation decreases and there is a significant potential for collision. Category A Separation decreases and participants take extreme action to narrowly avoid a collision, or the event results in a collision.

12. Federal Aviation Administration Runway Safety For Corporate Pilot’s Corporate Seminar August 8, 2009 Severity Distribution of Runway Incursions FY 2009 thru (08/5/09)FY 2005-2008 5 One incident (11/15/08 V/PD TPA) cannot be assessed due to insufficient data. It is not included above.

13. Federal Aviation Administration Runway Safety For Corporate Pilot’s Corporate Seminar August 8, 2009 Facts and Figures Pilots involved in 97.3 % of Incursions Mechanics (AMTs) – only 2.7% FAA 2008 Runway Safety Report ATPCOMMPVTSTUDCFI 39%24%31%6%35% Capt/PIC at controls – 91% of the time

14. Federal Aviation Administration Runway Safety For Corporate Pilot’s Corporate Seminar August 8, 2009 What are the most common runway safety issues? For Pilots –Not following acknowledged ATC instructions, for example: reading back ATC instructions correctly and then doing something different, such as failing to “hold short” of runway or failing to hold in position on runway as instructed. –Losing orientation during taxiing - for example: getting lost in good or poor visibility conditions. –Communication errors - for example: misunderstanding the clearance and not asking for clarification from ATC, reading back ATC instructions incorrectly, or taking off/landing without a clearance from ATC. For Air Traffic Controllers (ATC's) –Not scanning the runway. –Coordination errors - not exchanging critical information with other controllers. –Communication errors—not catching all read-back errors. For Vehicle Drivers and Pedestrians (authorized to be on the airfield) –Not following acknowledged ATC instructions - for example: failing to hold short of a runway as instructed. –Entering or crossing the runway without ATC authorization.

15. Federal Aviation Administration Runway Safety For Corporate Pilot’s Corporate Seminar August 8, 2009 Losing Situational Awareness While Taxiing Task Saturation (too much to do) Forgetfulness (Write down clearances) Inattention (Sterile Cockpit) Preoccupation (Continuous scanning) Disorientation (not using taxi diagram) Situational Awareness (listen to all radio transmissions)

16. Federal Aviation Administration Runway Safety For Corporate Pilot’s Corporate Seminar August 8, 2009 Pilot/Controller Responsibilities “Clear of the Runway” When Taxiing, and approaching a runway, no part of the aircraft beyond the hold short line.

17. Federal Aviation Administration Runway Safety For Corporate Pilot’s Corporate Seminar August 8, 2009

18. Federal Aviation Administration Runway Safety For Corporate Pilot’s Corporate Seminar August 8, 2009 NONMOVEMENT vs MOVEMENT

19. Federal Aviation Administration Runway Safety For Corporate Pilot’s Corporate Seminar August 8, 2009

20. Federal Aviation Administration Runway Safety For Corporate Pilot’s Corporate Seminar August 8, 2009 Pilot/Controller Responsibilities “Clear of the Runway” When exiting or crossing a runway, all parts of the aircraft are beyond the runway edge and there are no restrictions to its continued movement beyond the applicable runway holding position marking.

21. Federal Aviation Administration Runway Safety For Corporate Pilot’s Corporate Seminar August 8, 2009 Exiting the Runway No clearance is required to exit the runway. Don’t stop or reverse direction or exit on another runway unless authorized by ATC. Switch from tower to ground when instructed.

22. Federal Aviation Administration Runway Safety For Corporate Pilot’s Corporate Seminar August 8, 2009 HOT SPOTS A runway safety problem area on a airport that presents increased risks during surface operations. HOT SPOTS can be found in the AFD

23. Federal Aviation Administration Runway Safety For Corporate Pilot’s Corporate Seminar August 8, 2009

24. Federal Aviation Administration Runway Safety For Corporate Pilot’s Corporate Seminar August 8, 2009

25. Federal Aviation Administration Runway Safety For Corporate Pilot’s Corporate Seminar August 8, 2009

26. Federal Aviation Administration Runway Safety For Corporate Pilot’s Corporate Seminar August 8, 2009

27. Federal Aviation Administration Runway Safety For Corporate Pilot’s Corporate Seminar August 8, 2009 ATIS ILS Runway 23L & 23R approach in use, departing runway 23L & 23R

28. Federal Aviation Administration Runway Safety For Corporate Pilot’s Corporate Seminar August 8, 2009 “TAXI TO RUNWAY 14 VIA TAXIWAY A AND C”

29. Federal Aviation Administration Runway Safety For Corporate Pilot’s Corporate Seminar August 8, 2009 91.129 (i) A clearance to “taxi to” the takeoff runway assigned to the aircraft is not a clearance to cross that assigned takeoff runway, or to taxi on that runway at any point, but is a clearance to cross other runways that intersect the taxi route to that assigned takeoff runway. A clearance to “taxi to” any point other than an assigned takeoff runway is clearance to cross all runways that intersect the taxi route to that point.

30. Federal Aviation Administration Runway Safety For Corporate Pilot’s Corporate Seminar August 8, 2009 “RUNWAY 14, TAXI VIA TAXIWAY A, HOLD SHORT OF RUNWAY 23L”

31. Federal Aviation Administration Runway Safety For Corporate Pilot’s Corporate Seminar August 8, 2009 Assigned Takeoff Runway & Active Runway

32. Federal Aviation Administration Runway Safety For Corporate Pilot’s Corporate Seminar August 8, 2009 Assigned Takeoff Runway vs “Active” or “Runway in Use” The runway stated in the ATIS is probably the “active runway” or the runway they are using. The assigned takeoff runway is the runway the controller gives to you in your taxi instructions and could be different than the “active runway” stated in the ATIS.

33. Federal Aviation Administration Runway Safety For Corporate Pilot’s Corporate Seminar August 8, 2009

34. Federal Aviation Administration Runway Safety For Corporate Pilot’s Corporate Seminar August 8, 2009 Wrong Runway Risk Events 1. Short taxi distance 2. Airport complexity 3. Single taxiway leading to multiple runway thresholds 4. Close proximity of multiple runway thresholds 5. More than two taxiways intersecting in one area 6. Short runways (i.e. < 5000 ft.) 7. Joint use of runway/taxiway 8. Single runway airports

35. Federal Aviation Administration Runway Safety For Corporate Pilot’s Corporate Seminar August 8, 2009

36. Federal Aviation Administration Runway Safety For Corporate Pilot’s Corporate Seminar August 8, 2009 Wrong Runway Risk Events 1. Short taxi distance 2. Airport complexity 3. Single taxiway leading to multiple runway thresholds 4. Close proximity of multiple runway thresholds 5. More than two taxiways intersecting in one area 6. Short runways (i.e. < 5000 ft.) 7. Joint use of runway/taxiway 8. Single runway airports

37. Federal Aviation Administration Runway Safety For Corporate Pilot’s Corporate Seminar August 8, 2009 Wrong Runway Risk Events Short taxi distance. Single taxiway leading to multiple runway thresholds. Close proximity of multiple runway thresholds. “Local Controller shall visually scan runways to the maximum extent possible.” 7110.65

38. Federal Aviation Administration Runway Safety For Corporate Pilot’s Corporate Seminar August 8, 2009

39. Federal Aviation Administration Runway Safety For Corporate Pilot’s Corporate Seminar August 8, 2009

40. Federal Aviation Administration Runway Safety For Corporate Pilot’s Corporate Seminar August 8, 2009 40 Best Practices Operations at Busy Airports Always have a current airport diagram and use it while taxiing. Use proper phraseology. Practice “Sterile Cockpit Procedures.”

41. Federal Aviation Administration Runway Safety For Corporate Pilot’s Corporate Seminar August 8, 2009 41 Best Practices Operations at Busy Airports Know where you are going and where the GA ramp is. (request the most convenient runway, considering the winds). While on final, check out the airport layout, to see where you will be parking. Especially when day to night.

42. Federal Aviation Administration Runway Safety For Corporate Pilot’s Corporate Seminar August 8, 2009

43. Federal Aviation Administration Runway Safety For Corporate Pilot’s Corporate Seminar August 8, 2009 43 Best Practices For Operations at Busy Airports Before entering a runway proclaim “CLEAR RIGHT/LEFT” both the approach path and the runway Ask for “progressive taxi instructions”. Controllers are now required to give detailed taxi instructions.

44. Federal Aviation Administration Runway Safety For Corporate Pilot’s Corporate Seminar August 8, 2009

45. Federal Aviation Administration Runway Safety For Corporate Pilot’s Corporate Seminar August 8, 2009 Taxi Into Position And Hold or Line Up And Wait

46. Federal Aviation Administration Runway Safety For Corporate Pilot’s Corporate Seminar August 8, 2009 91.129 (i) A clearance to “taxi to” the takeoff runway assigned to the aircraft is not a clearance to cross that assigned takeoff runway, or to taxi on that runway at any point, but is a clearance to cross other runways that intersect the taxi route to that assigned takeoff runway. A clearance to “taxi to” any point other than an assigned takeoff runway is clearance to cross all runways that intersect the taxi route to that point.

47. Federal Aviation Administration Runway Safety For Corporate Pilot’s Corporate Seminar August 8, 2009 Line-Oriented Safety Audit 23% of errors 38% of threats Occur before leaving the ground

48. Federal Aviation Administration Runway Safety For Corporate Pilot’s Corporate Seminar August 8, 2009 Thank You Your Atlanta Runway Safety Team Larry Lambert

49. Federal Aviation Administration Runway Safety For Corporate Pilot’s Corporate Seminar August 8, 2009 Single Runway Airport

50. Federal Aviation Administration Runway Safety For Corporate Pilot’s Corporate Seminar August 8, 2009 MOVEMENT vs NONMOVEMENT MOVEMENT-The runways, taxiways, and other areas of an airport/heliport which are utilized for taxiing, takeoff, and landing of aircraft, exclusive of loading ramps and parking areas. NONMOVEMENT-Taxiways and apron (ramp) areas not under control of air traffic.

51. Federal Aviation Administration Runway Safety For Corporate Pilot’s Corporate Seminar August 8, 2009

52. Federal Aviation Administration Runway Safety For Corporate Pilot’s Corporate Seminar August 8, 2009 Airport complexity greatly influences the number and rate of runway incursions…

53. Federal Aviation Administration Runway Safety For Corporate Pilot’s Corporate Seminar August 8, 2009

54. Federal Aviation Administration Runway Safety For Corporate Pilot’s Corporate Seminar August 8, 2009

55. Federal Aviation Administration Runway Safety For Corporate Pilot’s Corporate Seminar August 8, 2009

56. Federal Aviation Administration Runway Safety For Corporate Pilot’s Corporate Seminar August 8, 2009 Pilot Deviations that Resulted in Runway Incursions by Type of Operation 226 Pilot Deviations 9 FY 2009 ytd (02/24/09) Foreign 7 = 3% Military Military 3= 1%3 = 1% Unknown 2 = 1% Air Taxi 16 = 7% Commercial 38 = 17% General Aviation 55 = 71%