1. 1.Load worksheet to Moodle: “Heroes through the Ages” 2.“Sir Gawain and the Green Knight” quiz on Moodle (No notes and no books. Password is ________.) 3.15 literary terms to complete in lit terms log 4.Moodle “Unit 1: Hero Writing” (due by end of period) 5.Individually review PowerPoint slides: “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight” p. 172; 174-190 prior to class discussion on Friday 6.Should have already read and taken notes over the English Renaissance introduction p. 237-250. Review: Introduction to the English Renaissance via PowerPoint. 7.Homework: Complete “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight,” reading guide due Friday Read “On Monsieur’s Departure” p. 253 Read “Elizabeth I: Before you read” p. 254 Read “Speech to the Troops at Tilbury” p. 257 British Literature: Day 13

2. Learning Targets Students will apply the ways in which characterization impacts the reader’s understanding of a character and author’s message, as well as how Medieval society is reflected in an author’s work. Students will learn how Medieval ideas are prevalent in Arthurian literature of the time. Students will understand and apply knowledge of heroes of the Anglo-Saxon and Medieval periods to a live Moodle chat.

3. Lots o’ Lit Terms apostrophe author’s purpose blank verse figurative language iambic pentameter metaphor narrative poetry parallelism pastoral poems personification point of view rhymed couplet rhyme scheme types of sonnets – English/ Shakespearean, Petrarchan/ Italian, Spenserian simile

4. “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight” by The Pearl Poet (p. 174-190) Imagery: Painting a picture in words Alliteration: Repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words. King Arthur and his Knights of the Round Table were the best of the best. Specific test of character represents values of the time period. Archetype: a universally understood symbol or term or pattern of behavior, a prototype upon which others are copied, patterned, or emulated Examples: Hero; mother figure; the great teacher/mentor; the innocent; the underdog; the scapegoat; the evil temptress; the trickster; the villain Chivalry rules…

5. “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight” by The Pearl Poet (p. 174-190) Medieval society valued _____ most highly, and expected knights to follow these ideals. Characteristics of this romantic idea? – Be honorable, brave, and generous. – Defend the weak. – Respect women. – Be protective of widows and orphans. – Live to serve king and country – Be skillful in battle. – Live one’s life so that it is worthy of glory and honor. – Live for truth, justice, and all that is good. The Green Knight approaches King Arthur’s court as they are sitting on the dais. What impression does the knight make? What do the people think?

6. “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight” by The Pearl Poet Poet used alliteration. Repetition is ALLinthebeginning of the word. By this branch I bear, you may be certain That I proceed in peace, no peril seeking; For had I fared forth in fighting gear, My hauberk and helmet, both at home now, My shield and sharp spear, all shining bright, And other weapons to wield, I would have brought; However as I wish for no war here, I wear soft clothes. What is his purpose, what is he holding (lines 25- 32)? – Is this a contradictory image???

7. A Test of Character Gawain is an extension of King Arthur and his court. Because Arthur and his Knights of the Round Table were supposed to have been the best, they garner some unnecessary attention. Some may dislike them just because of their success. Sooooo…this whole “game” is designed to test Gawain/Arthur to try to trip them up and tarnish their glowing reputation. – What was the game? – Terms/duration of the game? – What would you do?

8. The Game… Page 179: The “SETup” line 193 Time of year….Christmas. What image is presented? Page 181, line 225: Seek faithfully till you find me, my fine fellow According to your oath in this hall in these knights’ hearing. Go to the Green Chapel without gainsaying to get Such a stroke as you have struck.

9. The Outcome The end of the year approaches. Gawain and Gringolet go to seek the Green Knight. He stops at a castle near the Green Chapel. The lord, Bercilak, proposes a game. – Win for win. Quid pro quo (Latin). Something given or received in exchange for something else Tests ensue designed to test Gawain’s character with an “evil temptress.” – This “seductress” is another example of an archetype (a common, recurring, character type) Gawain is also an archetype…a hero embarking on a dangerous quest. – Lots of those in literature. – What gift does he reject? – What gift does he accept? – Does he abide by the rules of the game? Is this chivalrous? – Ambiguous=Unclear

10. Holding up his end of the bargain What does Gawain hear when he is at the Green Chapel (p. 185, lines 335+)How did the game end? Gawain says he will not fight back and that he will “stand still/ And offer you no hindrance…I swear” (p. 186) – Line 403 on p. 186 “coward”? – Stop delaying…line 4219 on p. 187 – Final blow line 445+ on p. 187 Three attempts at striking as paybacks Who was the Green Knight? – Line 494, page 188 Found out! But less blameworthy p. 189, top of page So what was Gawain’s downfall? – Page 189, line 515+ Forgiven? Line 525+ Is Gawain heroic?

11. Sir Gawain: Class Discussion What is the conflict? Internal? External? Complications? How did Gawain became “the one” and not Arthur? What is The Green Knight’s challenge? Is Gawain doomed from the start? Does he succeed in the end? The Green Knight—villain? In what ways does Gawain fail? Lying by omission?

12. The English RENAISSANCE

13. Notes on the Renaissance Means “Rebirth Began in Italy Ideals include: Lofty idea of literature Taste for the good life A basic pacifism (peacefulness) A strong sense of memories “Glories of Antiquity”

14. The Renaissance continued Virtue = skill, purpose of life The church (Papacy) was a political and military power as well as a spiritual one. Intellectuals – spread wisdom and an attitude of peacefulness Preoccupation with this life rather than the after life Judged on actions: Efficacy, delight (entertaining), beauty, memorability

15. Queen Elizabeth Became Queen at the age of 25 Ruled 45 years Never married (advantageous for her)

16. QUEEN ELIZABETH Was gracious to all classes Policy was middle of the road Protestantism Great politician who established a strong central government Pope excommunicated her in 1570 which united England even more strongly behind its queen

17. Queen Elizabeth Continued Elizabeth established free education which may have been a reason for England’s advancement Middle class grew better educated and began to influence House of Commons

18. ELIZABETH’S INFLUENCE She loved poetry, music and dancing COURT ENTERTAINMENT: 1) Masque: theatrical spectacle with song, dance, and costumes 2) Allegory: characters = ideas and personification of hope, greed, envy

19. Elizabethan Period Named for her because of her influence on developing literature blank verse Marlowe, Shakespeare, and Jonson all used blank verse which became main vehicle for tragedy and comedy

20. Something for Everyone Low comedy for the uneducated Elevated philosophical concepts for educated Strong story lines for all Theatres attracted all levels of society

21. Passing Time Renaissance was an exuberance of youth An Elizabethan poet warned that youth can not last forever

22. Queen Elizabeth Dies In 1600, Queen becomes ill 1603 the Queen dies King James, Mary Queen of Scots’ son, succeeds Elizabeth

23. Decline of Renaissance James I (Scottish) had little firsthand knowledge of England Elizabeth had kept balance between Protestants and Catholics James and his son, Charles I, lost that balance Caused growing political and religious unrest

24. Upheaval Plot to blow up Parliament was discovered in Nov. 1605 Guy Fawkes James and Charles struggled with money and believed in divine right to rule

25. Effects on Literature Poetry became a little more cynical and introspective Growth in metaphysical poets was led by Donne They used strained metaphors and were intellectual rather than romantic

26. DRAMAS Drama did continue to flourish Shakespeare’s tragedies were written during King James’ reign Theater remained popular form of entertainment until Puritan government closed all playhouses in 1649

27. Greatest English Puritan Poet John Milton Composed Paradise Lost which was his greatest work Most successful English epic

28. END RESULT 1660 the monarchy was restored Theaters reopened and mood of gaiety returned for awhile There was also a man known as William Shakespeare…more on him later

29. Homework for Friday: Complete “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight,” reading guide due Friday Read and take notes over the English Renaissance introduction p. 237-250 Read “On Monsieur’s Departure” p. 253 Read “Elizabeth I: Before you read” p. 254 Read “Speech to the Troops at Tilbury” p. 257