1. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman The Nomination Game Nomination The official endorsement of a candidate for office by a political party. Success in the nomination game requires momentum, money, and media attention. Campaign Strategy Master game plan that guides a candidate’s electoral campaign. LO 9.1 To Learning Objectives

2. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Chapt 9: The Nomination Game Deciding to Run A presidential candidacy in the United States needs to be either announced or an “open secret” for at least a __________ before the election. Barack Obama made clear his intention to run for president in January 200____. LO 9.1 To Learning Objectives

3. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman The Nomination Game Competing for Delegates _________ Party Convention – The supreme power within each party. McGovern-Fraser Commission – In response to demands for reform by minority groups and others seeking better representation. __________-delegates – Party leaders automatically get delegate slot at national party convention. LO 9.1 To Learning Objectives

4. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman The Nomination Game Competing for Delegates __________- A system for selecting convention delegates used in about a dozen mostly rural states in which voters must show up at a set time and attend an open meeting to express their presidential preference. LO 9.1 To Learning Objectives

5. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman The Nomination Game Competing for Delegates (cont.) Presidential __________ are elections in which a state’s voters go to the polls to express their preference for a party’s nominee for president. Frontloading – Recent tendency of states to hold primaries __________ in the calendar to capitalize on media attention. LO 9.1 To Learning Objectives

6. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman The Nomination Game Competing for Delegates (cont.) Evaluating the Primary and Caucus System – _____________ attention goes to early ones; prominent politicians do not run; money plays too big a role; participation is low and unrepresentative; and too much power goes to the media. LO 9.1 To Learning Objectives

7. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman The Nomination Game The Convention Send-Off ______________ point for parties. Key note speaker on first day of Convention. Party __________ (2 nd day) – Goals and policies for next 4 years. Formal _______________ of president and vice-president candidates on third and fourth days. LO 9.1 To Learning Objectives

8. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman The Campaign Game The High-Tech Media Campaign ---------- mail used to generate support and money for candidate. Get media attention through ad budget and free news coverage. The emphasis is on _________ a candidate because news stories focus more on the horse race than substantive policy issues. LO 9.2 To Learning Objectives

9. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman The Campaign Game Organizing the Campaign Get a campaign _____________, a fund- raiser, and a campaign _____________. Hire media and campaign consultants. Assemble staff, plan logistics, and get research staff, policy advisors, pollsters, and a good press secretary. Establish a ________________. LO 9.2 To Learning Objectives

10. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Money and Campaigning The Maze of Campaign Finance Reforms _____________Election Campaign Act of ______________ created Federal Election Commission; provided public financing for presidential primaries and general elections; limited presidential campaign spending; required disclosure; and limited contributions. LO 9.3 To Learning Objectives

11. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Money and Campaigning The Maze of Campaign Finance Reforms (cont.) _____________ Money – Contributions for party building expenses or generic party advertising not subject to contribution limits. McCain-Feingold Act (2002) _________ soft money, increased amount of individual contributions, and limited issue ads. LO 9.3 To Learning Objectives

12. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Money and Campaigning The Maze of Campaign Finance Reforms (cont.) __________ Groups – Independent groups seek to influence the political process but are not subject to contribution limits because they do not directly seek election of particular candidates. The name 527 Groups comes from Section 527 of the federal tax code by which they are governed. LO 9.3 To Learning Objectives

13. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Money and Campaigning The Proliferation of PACs _______________ _____________ _________________ are funding vehicles created by the 1974 campaign finance reforms. A corporation, union, or some other interest group can create a political action committee (PAC) and register it with the Federal Election Commission. LO 9.3 To Learning Objectives

14. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Money and Campaigning The Proliferation of PACs (cont.) There were __________ PACs during the 2007–2008 election cycle, which contributed $412.8 million to House and Senate candidates. PACs donate to candidates who support their issue. PACs do not buy candidates, but give to candidates who support them in the first place. LO 9.3 To Learning Objectives

15. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Money and Campaigning Are Campaigns Too Expensive? Center for Responsive Politics estimated in 2008 that the contests for the presidency and Congress cost over $____ billion. More congressional incumbents spend, the worse they do. Doctrine of ______________ – Spend enough money to get a message across to compete effectively. LO 9.3 To Learning Objectives

16. The Impact of Campaigns LO 9.4: Determine why campaigns have an important yet limited impact on election outcomes. Campaigns have three effects on voters. ______________– Reinforce voters’ preferences for candidates. Activation – Voters contribute money or ring doorbells. ________________ – Convert, changing voters’ minds. To Learning Objectives Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman

17. The Impact of Campaigns Some factors tend to weaken campaigns’ impact on voters. ____________ perception – Most people pay attention to things they agree with and interpret events according to predispositions. Party identification influence voting behavior. Incumbents – _____________ of name recognition and a track record. LO 9.4 To Learning Objectives

18. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Understanding Nominations and Campaigns Are Nominations and Campaigns Too Democratic? Campaigns are ________ to almost everyone. Campaigns consume much time and money. Campaigns promote individualism in American politics. LO 9.5 To Learning Objectives

19. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Understanding Nominations and Campaigns Do Big Campaigns Lead to an Increased Scope of Government? Candidates make numerous ____________, especially to state and local interests. __________ for politicians to promise to cut size of government. LO 9.5 To Learning Objectives