2. How To Start and Organize Your Papers  Look at the syllabus and the requirements and write toward the requirements  USE HEADINGS and sub-headings (if needed)

3. IN-TEXT CITATIONS!!!!  USE THEM, USE THEM, USE THEM!!!!!!  When should I cite sources??  ANY TIME you are referencing information that you learned from them…  Times obvious to cite… Statistics Demographics

4. IN-TEXT CITATIONS (continued)  HOW?????  Before … or at the end…  According to Jones (1998) students often had difficulty using APA style, especially when it was their first time.  Jones (1998) found students often had difficulty using APA style; what implications does this have for teachers?  Students often had difficulty using APA style (Jones, 1998).

5. IN-TEXT CITATIONS (continued)  Two Authors Research by Wegener and Petty (1994) supports... (Wegener & Petty, 1994)  Acronyms First citation: (Mothers Against Drunk Driving [MADD], 2000) Second citation: (MADD, 2000)

6. IN-TEXT CITATIONS (continued)  Two or More Works by the Same Author in the Same Year Research by Berndt (1981a) illustrated that... Berndt, T. J. (1981a). Age changes and changes over time in prosocial intentions and behavior between friends. Developmental Psychology, 17, 408-416. Berndt, T. J. (1981b). Effects of friendship on prosocial intentions and behavior. Child Development, 52, 636-643.  Personal Communication (not on reference page) (E. Robbins, personal communication, January 4, 2001). E. Robbins also claimed that many of her students had difficulties with APA style (personal communication, November 3, 2002).

7. Personal Communications for this paper  The requirement for this paper is to reference your source professionally so, IN THE TEXT refer to them as….. Mr., Ms., Mrs., Mz., Doctor, or Professor Doofenshmirtz (or what ever their last name is)… what ever title is appropriate Do not call them he or she excessively, use their title and last name  The first time that you cite your source use their initial in the citationl like so: Mrs. Robbins also claimed that many of her students had difficulties with cooking(E. Robbins, personal communication, November 3, 2002).  IF you identify them in the text… In subsequent citations you don’t need to put the name in citation… like so: Mrs. Robbins also claimed that many of her students had difficulties with cooking(E. Robbins, personal communication, November 3, 2002).  IF you just state something they say then you need to put their name in the citation… like this Kindergarten students have difficulties with algebra (E. Robbins, personal communication, January 4, 2001).

8. Here is and example of where to cite… but it could be done better  This is a common example…. And is… ok…  We interviewed Dr. Heinz Doofenshmirtz, who is a evil marriage and family therapist in the Tri-State Area, Ferb-Land, who received his PhD in Marriage and Family Therapy from Tri-State University (H. Doofenshmirtz, personal communication, October 29, 2015). In addition, Dr. Doofenshmirtz received his Masters Degree from Tri-State University in Family Life Education from BYU, and his undergraduate degree in Child and Family Studies from Weber State University (H. Doofenshmirtz, personal communication, October 29, 2015). After receiving his Ph.D. he did his residency in Hawaii, because he loves to surf University (H. Doofenshmirtz, personal communication, October 29, 2015).  BUT THIS IS BETTER  We interviewed Dr. Heinz Doofenshmirtz, who is an evil marriage and family therapist (EMFT) in the Tri-State Area, Ferb-Land. Dr Doofenshmirtz received his undergraduate degree in Child and Family Studies from Washington State University. Dr. Doofenshmirtz went on to get his Masters Degree from Tri-State University (TSU) in Family Life Education and then his PhD in Evil Marriage and Family Therapy from TSU as well. (personal communication, October 29, 2015). After receiving his Ph.D. Dr. Doofenshmirtz did his residency in Hawaii, because he loves to surf (personal communication, October 29, 2015).

9.  NOTICE the second paragraph, information is condensed, and the Doofenshmirtz’s name in omitted in the citation BECAUSE he is identified in the text.  WHY….  The RULE IS  Name author/authors in the signal phrase or in the parentheses each time you cite the work.

10. REFERENCES  Make sure that you have all the information!!! Authors' names (Publication date). Title of article/page. Title of resource/website. Retrieved from http://Full Web address  Unknown Author  Merriam-Webster's collegiate dictionary (10th ed.).(1993). Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster. NOTE: When your essay includes parenthetical citations of sources with no author named, use a shortened version of the source's title instead of an author's name. Use quotation marks and italics as appropriate. For example, parenthetical citations of the source above would appear as follows: (Merriam-Webster's, 1993).  Soooo…If it’s a website and you can’t find the author… use the main site as the author

11. FONTS  Watch format in header  Format all text at the end of writing BLACK Times New Roman 12pt font  Get rid of all links in the references  Get rid of all underlines

12. References… well sort of  Joshua M. Paiz, Elizabeth Angeli, Jodi Wagner, Elena Lawrick, Kristen Moore, Michael Anderson, Lars Soderlund, Allen Brizee, Russell Keck (2013, March 1). General format. Retrieved from http://owl.english.purdue.edu  Sooo I didn’t site EVERY page I found stuff on… just the main website. I only did this because I’m not turning this in and… I’m being lazy. HOWEVER, if I was turning this in I would have 6 references with the same author and year… soooo I would a,b,c,d,e,f versions of in-text citations.