1. Organic Chemistry Chapters 22 + 23

2. Organic Chemistry Organic vs. Inorganic Chemistry- organic compounds contain carbon, inorganic compounds do not Organic vs. Inorganic Chemistry- organic compounds contain carbon, inorganic compounds do not Organic Compounds- initially obtained only from living organisms (living & fossilized) EX: crude oil, protein, fats, dyes, coal Organic Compounds- initially obtained only from living organisms (living & fossilized) EX: crude oil, protein, fats, dyes, coal

3. Organic Synthesis human induced production of organic compounds in a lab setting human induced production of organic compounds in a lab setting EX: pharmaceuticals, additives EX: pharmaceuticals, additives

4. Organic Vocabulary Hydrocarbon- compound containing only C & H Hydrocarbon- compound containing only C & H Derivatives- compounds where H is replaced by another type of atom Derivatives- compounds where H is replaced by another type of atom Carbon Backbone- longest carbon chain within a molecule (also used to name the compound) Carbon Backbone- longest carbon chain within a molecule (also used to name the compound) Unbranched- carbon backbone form a linear structure Unbranched- carbon backbone form a linear structure Branched- carbon backbone branches off at least once Branched- carbon backbone branches off at least once Saturated- contains all C-C single bonds Saturated- contains all C-C single bonds Unsaturated- contain at least 1 C=C or C≡C bond Unsaturated- contain at least 1 C=C or C≡C bond

5. Drawing Simple Hydrocarbons Alkanes- saturated hydrocarbons (C n H 2n+2 ) Alkanes- saturated hydrocarbons (C n H 2n+2 ) prefixes: meth-, eth-, prop-, but-, pent-, hex-, hept-, oct-, non-, dec- prefixes: meth-, eth-, prop-, but-, pent-, hex-, hept-, oct-, non-, dec- ending: -ane ending: -ane Alkenes- unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least 1 C=C bond (C n H 2n ) Alkenes- unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least 1 C=C bond (C n H 2n ) end in –ene (Ex: C 5 H 10 = pentene) end in –ene (Ex: C 5 H 10 = pentene) Alkynes- unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least 1 C≡C bond (C n H 2n-2 ) Alkynes- unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least 1 C≡C bond (C n H 2n-2 ) end in –yne (Ex: C 5 H 8 = pentyne) end in –yne (Ex: C 5 H 8 = pentyne)

6. Naming and Isomers Isomers- compounds with exact molecular formulas, but different structural formulas Isomers- compounds with exact molecular formulas, but different structural formulas Isomers have different names... Isomers have different names... Naming: Naming: Identify longest chain of carbons (backbone) Identify longest chain of carbons (backbone) Number carbons in the backbone Number carbons in the backbone Decide prefix and ending (are there double/triple bonds?) Decide prefix and ending (are there double/triple bonds?) Number substituent groups (Ex: methyl, ethyl, etc.) Number substituent groups (Ex: methyl, ethyl, etc.) Alphabetize Alphabetize

7. Drawing/Naming Isomers EXAMPLE: C 6 H 14 EXAMPLE: C 6 H 14

8. Assignment Drawing Handout p. 2 pkt Drawing Handout p. 2 pkt

9. Organic Functional Groups commonly found groups of atoms that appear in many organic compounds (see handout) commonly found groups of atoms that appear in many organic compounds (see handout) R Represents ANY hydrocarbon group R Represents ANY hydrocarbon group

10. Common Functional Groups

11. Benzene and Aromatics Benzene (C 6 H 6 )- probably the most important aromatic compound (used in plastics, dyes, medicines, paint, explosives, fragrances, etc) Benzene (C 6 H 6 )- probably the most important aromatic compound (used in plastics, dyes, medicines, paint, explosives, fragrances, etc) Aromatic- compounds containing benzene rings Aromatic- compounds containing benzene rings

12. Gasoline, Esters, Polymers Fractional Distillation- used to separate crude oil into useful products Fractional Distillation- used to separate crude oil into useful products Esterification- making esters from an acid and an alcohol Esterification- making esters from an acid and an alcohol Polymerization- making large repeating molecules Polymerization- making large repeating molecules Addition- no particles lost Addition- no particles lost Condensation- eliminates particles Condensation- eliminates particles

13. Assignment Assignment Assignment P. 4-6 pkt P. 4-6 pkt

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