2.  The subject of the sentence performs the actions (the verb). The focus is on the doer of the action  The receiver of the action is at the end.  Is direct  Is less wordy, more concise  Uses “active” verbs. Example: Mr. V dropped his pen on the floor.

3.  The subject is not the one performing the action. The action is being performed upon.  Has the linking verb “to be” which goes along with the main verb, such as be, am, is, was, were, are, had been, etc.  Usually has the verb followed with “by” but not always.  Is more indirect.  More wordy, less concise.  Considered “passive” verbs Example: The pen was dropped by Mr. V. Note: Sometimes the one performing the action may be missing and you may need to insert it.

4.  Are these active or passive? What is the subject in these sentences? Is the subject performing or receiving the action in the following sentences?  The teacher closed the book on her desk.  The football game was won by the varsity players.  The Homecoming dance was attended by several students.  They celebrated their birthday in style.