1. 1 Foundations of Individual and Group Behavior All rights reserved by www.gyanbigyan.com

2. 2 Learning Outcomes Define the focus and goals of organizational behavior Describe the three components of attitudes Explain cognitive dissonance Describe the Myers-Briggs personality framework Discuss the concept of perception

3. All rights reserved by www.gyanbigyan.com 3 Learning Outcomes Explain how managers can shape employee behavior Contrast formal and informal groups Explain why people join groups Discover how roles and norms influence behavior Learn how group size affects behavior

4. All rights reserved by www.gyanbigyan.com 4 Organizational Behavior Groups Individuals OB Focus OB Goals Predict Explain

5. All rights reserved by www.gyanbigyan.com 5 Three Components of an Attitude AffectiveCognitiveBehavioral

6. All rights reserved by www.gyanbigyan.com 6 Job-RelatedAttitudesJob-RelatedAttitudes JobInvolvementJobInvolvement JobSatisfactionJobSatisfaction OrganizationalCommitmentOrganizationalCommitment

7. 7 Cognitive Dissonance DissonanceElementsDissonanceElements Degree of Influence Influence RewardsInvolvedRewardsInvolved

8. All rights reserved by www.gyanbigyan.com 8 Managing Attitudes on the Job More Satisfied Less Satisfied Employees Low High Low ProductivityDissonance

9. All rights reserved by www.gyanbigyan.com 9 Style of Decision Making Judging (J) Perceiving (P) Preference for Decision Making Thinking (T) Feeling (F) Type of Social Interaction Introvert (I) Extrovert (E) Preference for Gathering Data Intuitive (N) Sensing (S) Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

10. All rights reserved by www.gyanbigyan.com 10 The “Big-Five” PersonalityModel Extroversion Agreeableness Conscientiousness Emotional Stability Openness

11. All rights reserved by www.gyanbigyan.com 11 Emotional Intelligence Self-Awareness Self-Management Self-Motivation Empathy Social Skills Self-Awareness Self-Management Self-Motivation Empathy Social Skills

12. All rights reserved by www.gyanbigyan.com 12 Personality Traits and Workplace Behavior Personality Traits and Workplace Behavior Self-EsteemSelf-EsteemSelf-MonitoringSelf-MonitoringRiskPropensityRiskPropensity MachiavellianTraitsMachiavellianTraitsLocus of Control Locus

13. All rights reserved by www.gyanbigyan.com 13 Holland’s Personality-Job Fit Theory TypePersonalityOccupations Realistic Investigative Social Conventional Enterprising Artistic Shy, Stable, Practical Analytical, Independent Sociable, Cooperative Practical, Efficient Ambitious, Energetic Imaginative, Idealistic Mechanic, Farmer, Assembly-Line Worker Biologist, Economist, Mathematician Social Worker, Teacher, Counselor Accountant, Manager Bank Teller Lawyer, Salesperson Painter, Writer, Musician

14. All rights reserved by www.gyanbigyan.com 14 Investigative A I S C E R Realistic Artistic Social Enterprising Conventional Occupational Personality Types

15. All rights reserved by www.gyanbigyan.com 15 What Is Perception? ObjectContextPerceiver

16. All rights reserved by www.gyanbigyan.com 16 Attribution Theory and IndividualBehavior External External External Internal Internal Internal Attribution of Cause Distinctiveness Consensus Consistency High Low High Low High Low Interpretation Observation

17. All rights reserved by www.gyanbigyan.com 17 Halo Effect Stereotyping Selectivity Self-FulfillingProphecy AssumedSimilarity JudgmentalShortcuts

18. All rights reserved by www.gyanbigyan.com 18 InvoluntaryBehaviorUnlearnedVoluntaryBehaviorLearned Operant Conditioning

19. All rights reserved by www.gyanbigyan.com 19 Social Learning Theory Processes Attention Retention Motor Reproduction Motor Reproduction Reinforcement

20. All rights reserved by www.gyanbigyan.com 20 Positive Reinforcement Negative Reinforcement Punishment Extinction Positive Reinforcement Negative Reinforcement Punishment Extinction Shaping Behavior

21. All rights reserved by www.gyanbigyan.com 21 InformalFormal What Is a Group? vFormally Established vWork Assignments vSpecific Tasks vFormally Established vWork Assignments vSpecific Tasks vOccur Naturally vFriendships vCommon Interests vOccur Naturally vFriendships vCommon Interests

22. All rights reserved by www.gyanbigyan.com 22 Why People Join Groups Affiliation Status Goals Security Self-Esteem Power

23. All rights reserved by www.gyanbigyan.com 23 Basic Group Concepts Acceptable Standards of Behavior Shared by the Members of a Group Expected Patterns of Behavior Based on a Given Position in a Social Unit Group Roles Group Norms

24. All rights reserved by www.gyanbigyan.com 24 Basic Group Concepts ConceptsStatusStatus FormalFormal SizeSize SmallSmall InformalInformal LargeLarge

25. All rights reserved by www.gyanbigyan.com 25 Strong Increase in Productivity Moderate Increase in Productivity No Significant Effect on Productivity Decrease in Productivity Cohesiveness Alignment of Group and Org. Goals HighLow Cohesiveness-Productivity Relationship High Low