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Heavy Flavor Theory Yukinao Akamatsu (Nagoya/KMI) 2013/07/30PHENIX Workshop @RIKEN1 PHENIX Workshop on Physics Prospects with Detector and Accelerator Upgrades @RIKEN, 2013.07.29-08.02
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Content 1.Introduction 2.Production 3.Heavy Quarks in Medium 4.Quarkonia in Medium 5.Conclusion & Outlook 2013/07/30PHENIX Workshop @RIKEN2
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1. Introduction QGP Fireball 2013/07/30PHENIX Workshop @RIKEN3 Photon Dilepton Heavy quark Quarkonium Quark-gluon matter Jet Equation of state Collective modes Color charges in medium Opacity of medium Chiral symmetry restoration Collective modes
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Factorization Convolution of each process 2013/07/30PHENIX Workshop @RIKEN4 Medium evolution interaction productionevolution Nuclear collision π,K,p,… D,e,μ,… observables Energy loss Diffusion Heavy quarks Quarkonia
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2. Production Parton distribution functions Matrix elements by pQCD Formation of bound states and Nuclear effects … 2013/07/30PHENIX Workshop @RIKEN5
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HQ production in p+p FONLL calculation 2013/07/30PHENIX Workshop @RIKEN6 Cacciari et al (06) PHENIX (06)
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QQbar production in p+p Color singlet/octet/evaporation models – Bound state formation = non-perturbative process 2013/07/30PHENIX Workshop @RIKEN7 p T (GeV/c) =COM PHENIX (11)
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3. Heavy Quarks in Medium Energy loss and diffusion Many approaches (list strong points) – Perturbation theory: clear elementary processes – AdS/CFT: analytical exact result for SYM – Lattice QCD: exact within error bars – Resonant scattering model: non-pert. model 2013/07/30PHENIX Workshop @RIKEN8
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Heavy quark energy loss & diffusion Perturbation theory Horowitz (10) Inelastic scattering Elastic scattering Braaten & Thoma (91) Moore & Teaney (05) Non-relativistic limit: Brownian motion Svetitsky (88) Moore & Teaney (05) Caron-Huot et al (08,09) 2013/07/30PHENIX Workshop @RIKEN9 production In-medium energy loss L HTL
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Heavy quark energy loss & diffusion AdS/CFT correspondence Gubser 06, Herzog et al (06) Non-relativistic limit: Brownian motion Casalderrey-Solana & Teaney (06) Son & Teaney (09) 2013/07/30PHENIX Workshop @RIKEN10 production L
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Heavy quark diffusion constant Lattice QCD simulation Current correlator (Kubo formula) Quench approximation Ding et al (11) PHENIX Workshop @RIKEN2013/07/3011
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Heavy quark diffusion constant Lattice QCD simulation Force correlator (M ∞) Banerjee et al (12) Quench approximation Statistical errors (red) Systematic errors (green) Renormalization of electric field 2013/07/30PHENIX Workshop @RIKEN12
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Phenomenology Diffusion constant Pert. ( LO,NLO ) AdS/CFTlatticeRHICLHC DT0.4(NLO)-5(LO)0.50.3-1?? Gubser (07) 2013/07/30PHENIX Workshop @RIKEN13 STAR (07) PHENIX (07) Akamatsu et al (09) Pert. ( LO,NLO ) AdS/CFTlatticeRHICLHC DT0.4(NLO)-5(LO)0.50.3-1 ?
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Phenomenology Diffusion constant Pert. ( LO,NLO ) AdS/CFTlatticeRHICLHC DT0.4(NLO)-5(LO)0.50.3-1 ? 2013/07/30PHENIX Workshop @RIKEN14 Gubser (07) ALICE (QM12) Single electrons ALICE (12) ALICE (QM12) D mesons
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Azimuthal correlation Initial back-to-back correlation decrease 2013/07/30 PHENIX Workshop @RIKEN15 Akamatsu et al (09) Electron-muon correlation to reduce background
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Azimuthal correlation Initial back-to-back correlation decrease 2013/07/30 PHENIX Workshop @RIKEN16 Nahrgang et al (13) Radiative vs collision Adare et al (13) Sensitivity to coupling at high temperature
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4. Quarkonia in Medium Potential – Free energy – Real-time potential complex by decoherence Dynamics – Open quantum system – Quantum Brownian motion – Quantum optics 2013/07/30PHENIX Workshop @RIKEN17
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Free energy Lattice simulation 2013/07/30PHENIX Workshop @RIKEN18 Maezawa et al (12) Nf=2+1, improved Wilson fermion, Tc~190
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Real-time potential Potential in Schrödinger equation 2013/07/30PHENIX Workshop @RIKEN19 σ(ω;R,T) ω V(R,T)V(R,T) Γ(R,T)Γ(R,T) Laine et al (07), Beraudo et al (08), Brambilla et al (10), Rothkopf et al (12) Some phenomenological applications using complex potential
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Real-time potential Potential in Schrödinger equation 2013/07/30PHENIX Workshop @RIKEN20 σ(ω;R,T) ω V(R,T)V(R,T) Γ(R,T)Γ(R,T) Some phenomenological applications using complex potential
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Real-time potential Complex potential as 2013/07/30PHENIX Workshop @RIKEN21 Unitary & stochastic evolution Imaginary part from averaging the random phase rotations Akamatsu & Rothkopf (12) So far M=∞; what about M<∞?
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Classical picture of the open system M=∞ or M<∞ matters 22 Debye screened force + Fluctuation Drag force Langevin dynamics M=∞M=∞ M<∞M<∞ (stochastic/complex) Potential force Hamiltonian dynamics Non-potential force Not Hamiltonian dynamics 2013/07/30PHENIX Workshop @RIKEN Svetitsky (88) Young & Shuryak (09) Quantum counter part: Akamatsu (13)
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Open quantum system Basics 232013/07/30PHENIX Workshop @RIKEN Hilbert space von Neumann equation Trace out the environment Reduced density matrix Master equation (Markovian limit) sys = heavy quarks env = gluons, light quarks
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Quantum Brownian motion Langevin dynamics + Debye screening 2013/07/30PHENIX Workshop @RIKEN24 Q Q g q q g g... Independent scatterings... Leading order processes Akamatsu (13) Shallow bound states & unbound states
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Quantum optics Level transitions 2013/07/30PHENIX Workshop @RIKEN25 Borghini & Gombeaud (11,12) Deep bound states
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5. Summary & Outlook Single HQs: energy loss & diffusion lots of phenomenological works R AA, v 2, and azimuthal correlation Quarkonia: open quantum system complex potential triggers a paradigm shift quantum BM & quantum optics 2013/07/30PHENIX Workshop @RIKEN26
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2013/07/30PHENIX Workshop @RIKEN27 Backup
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Factorization Heavy quarks 2013/07/30PHENIX Workshop @RIKEN28 流体時空発展 interaction productionevolution Nuclear collision π,K,p,… D,e,μ,… observables Energy loss Diffusion
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Factorization Quarkonia 2013/07/30PHENIX Workshop @RIKEN29 流体時空発展 interaction productionevolution Nuclear collision π,K,p,… D,e,μ,… observables
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Phenomenology Diffusion constant Pert. ( LO,NLO ) AdS/CFTlatticeRHICLHC DT0.4(NLO)-5(LO)0.50.3-1 ? Gubser (07) STAR (07) PHENIX (07) Akamatsu et al (09) 2013/07/30PHENIX Workshop @RIKEN30
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Phenomenology Diffusion constant Pert. ( LO,NLO ) AdS/CFTlatticeRHICLHC DT0.4(NLO)-5(LO)0.50.3-1 ? 2013/07/30PHENIX Workshop @RIKEN31 Gubser (07) ALICE (QM12) Single electrons
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Phenomenology Diffusion constant 2013/07/30PHENIX Workshop @RIKEN32 Gubser (07) Pert. ( LO,NLO ) AdS/CFTlatticeRHICLHC DT0.4(NLO)-5(LO)0.50.3-1 ? ALICE (12) ALICE (QM12) D mesons
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