1. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 2 – The Chemical Level of Organization $100 $200 $300 $400 $500 $100 $200 $300 $400 $500 Atoms and Molecules What’s Your Reaction Give Me Some CHO I Need Protein Casserole FINAL ROUND

2. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Topic 1: Atoms and Molecules $100 Question The chemical shorthand used to describe chemical compounds and reactions effectively is known as ______. a. molecular formula b. chemical notation c. molecular weight d. mass number BACK TO GAME ANSWER

3. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Topic 1: Atoms and Molecules $100 Answer The chemical shorthand used to describe chemical compounds and reactions effectively is known as _______. a. molecular formula b. chemical notation c. molecular weight d. mass number BACK TO GAME

4. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Topic 1: Atoms and Molecules $200 Question How is it possible for two samples of hydrogen to contain the same number of atoms, yet one sample weighs more than the other? a. One sample has more bonds. b. One sample contains fewer electrons, decreasing weight. c. One sample contains more of hydrogen’s heavier isotope(s). d. One sample includes more protons, increasing weight. BACK TO GAME ANSWER

5. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Topic 1: Atoms and Molecules $200 Answer How is it possible for two samples of hydrogen to contain the same number of atoms, yet one sample weighs more than the other? a. One sample has more bonds. b. One sample contains fewer electrons, decreasing weight. c. One sample contains more of hydrogen’s heavier isotope(s). d. One sample includes more protons, increasing weight. BACK TO GAME

6. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Topic 1: Atoms and Molecules $300 Question Which kind of bond holds atoms in a water molecule together? What attracts water molecules to one another? a. polar covalent bonds; hydrogen bonds b. ionic bonds; charge interactions c. hydrogen bonds; charge interactions d. covalent bonds; hydrogen bonds BACK TO GAME ANSWER

7. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Topic 1: Atoms and Molecules $300 Answer Which kind of bond holds atoms in a water molecule together? What attracts water molecules to one another? a. polar covalent bonds; hydrogen bonds b. ionic bonds; charge interactions c. hydrogen bonds; charge interactions d. covalent bonds; hydrogen bonds BACK TO GAME

8. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Topic 1: Atoms and Molecules $400 Question Both oxygen and neon are gases at room temperature. Oxygen combines readily with other elements, but neon does not. Why? a. Neon has 8 electrons in its valence shell; oxygen has only 6. b. Neon cannot undergo bonding due to its polarity. c. Neon is exergonic. d. Neon’s molecular weight is too low to allow bonding. BACK TO GAME ANSWER

9. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Topic 1: Atoms and Molecules $400 Answer Both oxygen and neon are gases at room temperature. Oxygen combines readily with other elements, but neon does not. Why? a. Neon has 8 electrons in its valence shell; oxygen has only 6. b. Neon cannot undergo bonding due to its polarity. c. Neon is exergonic. d. Neon’s molecular weight is too low to allow bonding. BACK TO GAME

10. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Topic 1: Atoms and Molecules $500 Question What is a mole and why is it useful to describe elements in terms of moles? a. 6.02 × 10 23 / easier to keep track of relative numbers of atoms in chemical samples b. a quantity with a weight in grams equal to that element’s atomic weight / because one mole of a given element always contains the same number of atoms as one mole of any other element c. the total number of neutrons and protons in the nucleus / nuclei sometimes emit subatomic particles or radiation in measurable amounts d. both A and B BACK TO GAME ANSWER

11. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Topic 1: Atoms and Molecules $500 Answer What is a mole and why is it useful to describe elements in terms of moles? a. 6.02 × 10 23 / easier to keep track of relative numbers of atoms in chemical samples b. a quantity with a weight in grams equal to that element’s atomic weight / because one mole of a given element always contains the same number of atoms as one mole of any other element c. the total number of neutrons and protons in the nucleus / nuclei sometimes emit subatomic particles or radiation in measurable amounts d. both A and B BACK TO GAME

12. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Topic 2: What’s Your Reaction? $100 Question Why are enzymes needed in our cells? a. to promote chemical reactions b. for chemical reactions to proceed under conditions compatible with life c. to lower activation energy requirements d. all of the above BACK TO GAME ANSWER

13. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Topic 2: What’s Your Reaction? $100 Answer Why are enzymes needed in our cells? a. to promote chemical reactions b. for chemical reactions to proceed under conditions compatible with life c. to lower activation energy requirements d. all of the above BACK TO GAME

14. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Topic 2: What’s Your Reaction? $200 Question How does an antacid help decrease stomach discomfort? a. It reduces the buffering capacity of the stomach. b. It decreases the pH of stomach contents. c. It reacts a weak acid with a stronger one. d. It neutralizes acid using a weak base. BACK TO GAME ANSWER

15. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Topic 2: What’s Your Reaction? $200 Answer How does an antacid help decrease stomach discomfort? a. It reduces the buffering capacity of the stomach. b. It decreases the pH of stomach contents. c. It reacts a weak acid with a stronger one. d. It neutralizes acid using a weak base. BACK TO GAME

16. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Topic 2: What’s Your Reaction? $300 Question In cells, glucose (a six-carbon molecule) is converted into two three-carbon molecules by a reaction that releases energy. How would you classify this reaction? a. endergonic b. exergonic c. decomposition d. both B and C BACK TO GAME ANSWER

17. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Topic 2: What’s Your Reaction? $300 Answer In cells, glucose (a six-carbon molecule) is converted into two three-carbon molecules by a reaction that releases energy. How would you classify this reaction? a. endergonic b. exergonic c. decomposition d. both B and C BACK TO GAME

18. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Topic 2: What’s Your Reaction? $400 Question Which property of water accounts for the cooling effect of perspiration? a. solubility; solutes easily break up in water b. reactivity; hydrolysis causes salt crystals to form on the skin c. high heat capacity; water carries away heat when it changes from a liquid to a gas d. lubrication; there is little friction between molecules BACK TO GAME ANSWER

19. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Topic 2: What’s Your Reaction? $400 Answer Which property of water accounts for the cooling effect of perspiration? a. solubility; solutes easily break up in water b. reactivity; hydrolysis causes salt crystals to form on the skin c. high heat capacity; water carries away heat when it changes from a liquid to a gas d. lubrication; there is little friction between molecules BACK TO GAME

20. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Topic 2: What’s Your Reaction? $500 Question Which of these notations describes dehydration synthesis and why? a. A-B-C-H + HO-DE  A-B-C-D-E + H 2 O; formation of a complex molecule by removal of a water molecule b. A-B-C-D-E + H 2 O  A-B-C-H + HO-D-E; a chemical bond was broken through the addition of a water molecule c. AB  A + B; a molecule is broken into smaller fragments d. AB + CD  AD + CB; molecules are shuffled around to produce a new product BACK TO GAME ANSWER

21. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Topic 2: What’s Your Reaction? $500 Answer Which of these notations describes dehydration synthesis and why? a. A-B-C-H + HO-DE  A-B-C-D-E + H 2 O; formation of a complex molecule by removal of a water molecule b. A-B-C-D-E + H 2 O  A-B-C-H + HO-D-E; a chemical bond was broken through the addition of a water molecule c. AB  A + B; a molecule is broken into smaller fragments d. AB + CD  AD + CB; molecules are shuffled around to produce a new product BACK TO GAME

22. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Topic 3: Give Me Some CHO $100 Question Which lipids would you find in human cell membranes? a. cholesterol b. glycolipids c. phospholipids d. all of the above BACK TO GAME ANSWER

23. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Topic 3: Give Me Some CHO $100 Answer Which lipids would you find in human cell membranes? a. cholesterol b. glycolipids c. phospholipids d. all of the above BACK TO GAME

24. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Topic 3: Give Me Some CHO $200 Question When two monosaccharides undergo a dehydration synthesis reaction, which type of molecule is formed? a. polypeptide b. disaccharide c. eicosanoid d. polysaccharide BACK TO GAME ANSWER

25. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Topic 3: Give Me Some CHO $200 Answer When two monosaccharides undergo a dehydration synthesis reaction, which type of molecule is formed? a. polypeptide b. disaccharide c. eicosanoid d. polysaccharide BACK TO GAME

26. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Topic 3: Give Me Some CHO $300 Question A food contains organic molecules with the elements C, H, and O in a ratio of 1:2:1. What class of compounds do these molecules belong to, and what are their major functions in the body? a. lipids; energy source b. proteins; support and movement c. nucleic acids; determining inherited characteristics d. carbohydrates; energy source BACK TO GAME ANSWER

27. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Topic 3: Give Me Some CHO $300 Answer A food contains organic molecules with the elements C, H, and O in a ratio of 1:2:1. What class of compounds do these molecules belong to, and what are their major functions in the body? a. lipids; energy source b. proteins; support and movement c. nucleic acids; determining inherited characteristics d. carbohydrates; energy source BACK TO GAME

28. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Topic 3: Give Me Some CHO $400 Question Why is cholesterol important in the human body? a. It transforms into prostaglandins, which are released by damaged tissues causing pain. b. Cells need it to maintain their membranes and for growth and division. c. It is an essential component of eicosanoids. d. It is the only site of storage for lipid-soluble vitamins. BACK TO GAME ANSWER

29. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Topic 3: Give Me Some CHO $400 Answer Why is cholesterol important in the human body? a. It transforms into prostaglandins, which are released by damaged tissues causing pain. b. Cells need it to maintain their membranes and for growth and division. c. It is an essential component of eicosanoids. d. It is the only site of storage for lipid-soluble vitamins. BACK TO GAME

30. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Topic 3: Give Me Some CHO $500 Question What are structural and functional similarities of phospholipids and glycolipids? a. Their hydrocarbon tails are hydrophobic. b. They help form and maintain intracellular structures. c. They are primarily composed of phosphate and glycogen, respectively. d. A and B are correct. BACK TO GAME ANSWER

31. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Topic 3: Give Me Some CHO $500 Answer What are structural and functional similarities of phospholipids and glycolipids? a. Their hydrocarbon tails are hydrophobic. b. They help form and maintain intracellular structures. c. They are primarily composed of phosphate and glycogen, respectively. d. A and B are correct. BACK TO GAME

32. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Topic 4: I Need Protein $100 Question Proteins are chains of which small organic molecules? a. saccharides b. fatty acids c. amino acids d. nucleic acids BACK TO GAME ANSWER

33. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Topic 4: I Need Protein $100 Answer Proteins are chains of which small organic molecules? a. saccharides b. fatty acids c. amino acids d. nucleic acids BACK TO GAME

34. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Topic 4: I Need Protein $200 Question How might a change in an enzyme’s active site affect its functions? a. increased activity due to a better fit with the substrate b. decreased activity due to a poor substrate fit c. inhibited activity due to no substrate fit d. all of the above BACK TO GAME ANSWER

35. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Topic 4: I Need Protein $200 Answer How might a change in an enzyme’s active site affect its functions? a. increased activity due to a better fit with the substrate b. decreased activity due to a poor substrate fit c. inhibited activity due to no substrate fit d. all of the above BACK TO GAME

36. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Topic 4: I Need Protein $300 Question Which level of protein structure would be affected by an agent that breaks hydrogen bonds? a. the primary level of protein structure b. the secondary level of protein structure c. the tertiary level of protein structure d. The protein structure would NOT be affected by this agent. BACK TO GAME ANSWER

37. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Topic 4: I Need Protein $300 Answer Which level of protein structure would be affected by an agent that breaks hydrogen bonds? a. the primary level of protein structure b. the secondary level of protein structure c. the tertiary level of protein structure d. The protein structure would NOT be affected by this agent. BACK TO GAME

38. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Topic 4: I Need Protein $400 Question How does boiling a protein affect its structural and functional properties? a. Heat denatures the protein, causing unfolding. b. Heat causes the formation of additional quaternary structure. c. Heating rearranges the primary structure of the protein. d. Heat alters the radical groups on the amino acids. BACK TO GAME ANSWER

39. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Topic 4: I Need Protein $400 Answer How does boiling a protein affect its structural and functional properties? a. Heat denatures the protein, causing unfolding. b. Heat causes the formation of additional quaternary structure. c. Heating rearranges the primary structure of the protein. d. Heat alters the radical groups on the amino acids. BACK TO GAME

40. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Topic 4: I Need Protein $500 Question Why is it significant that keratin and collagen are fibrous proteins and myoglobin and hemoglobin are globular proteins? a. Fibrous proteins are tough and insoluble in water; they play structural roles. b. Fibrous proteins are only functional when they are in solution. c. Globular proteins readily enter aqueous solutions and function only when they are in solution. d. A and C are correct. BACK TO GAME ANSWER

41. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Topic 4: I Need Protein $500 Answer Why is it significant that keratin and collagen are fibrous proteins and myoglobin and hemoglobin are globular proteins? a. Fibrous proteins are tough and insoluble in water; they play structural roles. b. Fibrous proteins are only functional when they are in solution. c. Globular proteins readily enter aqueous solutions and function only when they are in solution. d. A and C are correct. BACK TO GAME

42. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Topic 5: Casserole $100 Question A large organic molecule composed of the sugar ribose, nitrogenous bases, and phosphate groups is which kind of nucleic acid? a. DNA b. ATP c. protein d. RNA BACK TO GAME ANSWER

43. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Topic 5: Casserole $100 Answer A large organic molecule composed of the sugar ribose, nitrogenous bases, and phosphate groups is which kind of nucleic acid? a. DNA b. ATP c. protein d. RNA BACK TO GAME

44. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Topic 5: Casserole $200 Question What molecule is produced by the phosphorylation of ADP? a. ATPase b. ATP c. adenosine diphosphate d. uridine triphosphate BACK TO GAME ANSWER

45. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Topic 5: Casserole $200 Answer What molecule is produced by the phosphorylation of ADP? a. ATPase b. ATP c. adenosine diphosphate d. uridine triphosphate BACK TO GAME

46. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Topic 5: Casserole $300 Question Why does a solution of table salt conduct electricity, but a sugar solution does not? a. Electrical conductivity requires ions. b. Sugar forms a colloid; salt forms a suspension. c. Electricity is absorbed by glucose molecules. d. Table salt is hydrophobic; sugar is hydrophilic. BACK TO GAME ANSWER

47. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Topic 5: Casserole $300 Answer Why does a solution of table salt conduct electricity, but a sugar solution does not? a. Electrical conductivity requires ions. b. Sugar forms a colloid; salt forms a suspension. c. Electricity is absorbed by glucose molecules. d. Table salt is hydrophobic; sugar is hydrophilic. BACK TO GAME

48. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Topic 5: Casserole $400 Question What statement below is FALSE with regard to the function of DNA? a. It encodes information needed to build proteins. b. It controls all physical characteristic of our bodies. c. It assembles a specific amino acid within a protein’s structure. d. It regulates all aspects of cellular metabolism. BACK TO GAME ANSWER

49. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Topic 5: Casserole $400 Answer What statement below is FALSE with regard to the function of DNA? a. It encodes information needed to build proteins. b. It controls all physical characteristics of our bodies. c. It assembles a specific amino acid within a protein’s structure. d. It regulates all aspects of cellular metabolism. BACK TO GAME

50. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Topic 5: Casserole $500 Question Wine has a pH of 3. This means that compared to tomatoes that have a pH of 4: a. wine is closer to a neutral pH versus that of tomatoes. b. the concentration of hydrogen ions is 10 times as great in the wine as in a tomato, and both are acidic. c. the concentration of hydroxide ions is 10 times as great in the tomato as in the wine, and both are basic. d. the concentration of hydrogen ions is 100 times as great in the wine as the tomato, and both are acidic. BACK TO GAME ANSWER

51. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Topic 5: Casserole $500 Answer BACK TO GAME Wine has a pH of 3. This means that compared to tomatoes that have a pH of 4: a. wine is closer to a neutral pH versus that of tomatoes. b. the concentration of hydrogen ions is 10 times as great in the wine as in a tomato, and both are acidic. c. the concentration of hydroxide ions is 10 times as great in the tomato as in the wine, and both are basic. d. the concentration of hydrogen ions is 100 times as great in the wine as the tomato, and both are acidic.

52. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. FINAL ROUND Question Which nitrogenous base is NOT found within the structure of DNA? a. thymine b. uracil c. cytosine d. guanine BACK TO GAME ANSWER

53. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. FINAL ROUND Answer Which nitrogenous base is NOT found within the structure of DNA? a. thymine b. uracil c. cytosine d. guanine BACK TO GAME