1. Acids, Bases, and Salts

2. Properties of acids: - contain the hydronium ion, H 3 O + - react with metals to form hydrogen gas, H 2 - taste sour - have pH values less than 7 - corrosive to body tissue - react with bases to form water and a salt

3. Properties of bases: - contain the hydroxide ion, OH - - feel slippery - taste bitter - have pH values greater than 7 - dissolve grease - react with acids to form water and a salt

4. Indicators:substances that change color in the presence of an acid or a base examples: red and blue litmus paper bromothymol blue

5. pH Scale

6. Strength of Acids, Bases Depends on how completely they turn into ions (“dissociate”) when dissolved in water HCl in water: Every HCl dissociates and creates a hydronium ion Strong acid

7. Acetic acid (vinegar) in water: acetic acid CH 3 COOH CH 3 COO - H3O+H3O+ H2OH2O Most acetic acid molecules do not dissociate into ions; most stay as molecules Weak acid

8. Sodium hydroxide ( NaOH ) in water: Complete dissociation into Na + and OH - ions Strong base

9. Ammonium hydroxide ( NH 4 OH ) in water: Most ammonia molecules do not dissociate into ions; most stay as molecules Weak base

10. Strong Acid Weak Acid Hydrochloric ( HCl ) Sulfuric ( H 2 SO 4 ) Nitric ( HNO 3 ) Strong Base Sodium hydroxide ( NaOH ) Potassium hydroxide ( KOH ) Acetic ( CH 3 COOH ) Citric ( C 6 H 8 O 7 ) Weak Base Ammonia ( NH 4 OH ) Sodium carbonate ( Na 2 CO 3 ) dissociates completelydoes not dissociate completely

11. Neutralization Reactions acid + base water + salt HCl + NaOHex.H 2 O + NaCl double displacement rxn. H 2 SO 4 + KOHex. H 2 O + K 2 SO 4

12. Neutralization Reactions acid + base water + salt HCl + NaOHex.H 2 O + NaCl double displacement rxn. H 2 SO 4 + KOHex. H 2 O + K 2 SO 4 22 what’s wrong with this?not balanced

13. Neutralization Reactions acid + base water + salt HCl + NaOHex.H 2 O + NaCl double displacement rxn. H 2 SO 4 + KOHex. H 2 O + K 2 SO 4 22 balanced

14. H 2 SO 4 + NaOH ex.Predict the products of the following neutralization reaction (hint: one of the products is always water). Write the proper chemical formula of the products, and then balance the equation. H2OH2O+sodium sulfate chemical formula?

15. H 2 SO 4 + NaOH ex.Predict the products of the following neutralization reaction (hint: one of the products is always water). Write the proper chemical formula of the products, and then balance the equation. H2OH2O+ criss-cross method: NaSO 4 oxidation number: + 1- 2 Na SO 4 sodium sulfate chemical formula?

16. ex.Predict the products of the following neutralization reaction (hint: one of the products is always water). Write the proper chemical formula of the products, and then balance the equation. H2OH2O+ criss-cross method: NaSO 4 oxidation number: + 1- 2 Na 2 SO 4 now balance the equation 22H 2 SO 4 + NaOH

17. HNO 3 + Ba(OH) 2 ex.Predict the products of the following neutralization reaction (hint: one of the products is always water). Write the proper chemical formula of the products, and then balance the equation. H2OH2O+barium nitrate chemical formula? criss-cross method: BaNO 3 oxidation number: + 2- 1 Ba NO 3

18. HNO 3 + Ba(OH) 2 ex.Predict the products of the following neutralization reaction (hint: one of the products is always water). Write the proper chemical formula of the products, and then balance the equation. H2OH2O+ criss-cross method: BaNO 3 oxidation number: + 2- 1 Ba ( NO 3 ) 2 now balance the equation 22