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Chapter 15 Solutions Standard #6
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I.What’s a solution? A. Definition : A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances in a single physical state. B.Particles in a solution: 1. Are small2. Are evenly distribute3. And will not separate
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Solution = solute solvent + The substance being dissolved (the smaller quantity) The substance doing the dissolving (the larger quantity solute solvent The whole mixture is a solution!
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II.Types of Solutions A.Solid Solution alloys A mixture of metals, known as alloys Alloys are preferred over pure metals because: 1.They resist corrosion 2.They have higher melting points 3.They are stronger than pure metals
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Need to know!! Karat MeasureGold vs. Alloy content 24 Karat 18 Karat 14 Karat 10 Karat 100 % pure gold 75% gold, 25 %copper 58%gold, 42% copper 42%gold, 58%copper
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B.Gaseous Solution When both the solute and solvent are gases. Example: Air
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C.Liquid Solution When liquids dissolve in other liquids The solvent is not water
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D.Aqueous Solution When the solvent is water (aqua). The solute may be a solid, liquid or gas.
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Gaseous Aqueous Liquid Solid Review
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Water Video During the video…. Please write 10 or more complete sentences about what you are learning from the video.
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Video clip Solubility 5 minutes
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III.Concentration more A.Concentrated: When a solution has more solutes than solvent.
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Dilute: When there is less solute for the amount of solvent used.
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Measuring Concentration Molarity: Moles of Substance Liter Molality: Moles of Substance Kilogram
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Calculations on Overhead…
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Warm up 1.How much Sodium Chloride in grams should you useto prepare a 20.0 ml, 1.0 M Salt solution? M= mol liter (liter) M= mol 20.0 ml (.0200L) 1.0M= Concentration.020 mol (58.5g NaCl)= 1 mol.0200L 1.17 => 1.2 grams of NaCl (liter)
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1.2 grams of NaCl 20.0 ml of water 1.0 M Salt solution
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Now that we can make a solution with a certain concentration, let’s learn how to dilute it!
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Solubility amount of solute that can be dissolved in a specific volume of solvent under certain conditions. FACTORS THAT affect solubility: 1.TEMPERATURE 2.AGITATION 3.SURFACE AREA Which sugar would dissolve faster?
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B.The effect of temperature on solubility........... As temperature goes up the solubility of gases goes down............ As temperature goes down the solubility of gases goes up..... 1.Gas in a liquid: Think of carbonation in soda…. ColdHot
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2.Solid/liquid in a liquid: think of sugar dissolving in tea (hot/iced) As temperature goes down the solubility of the solid goes down As temperature goes up the solubility of the solid goes up
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C.The effects of Pressure on solubility 1.Not applicable for solids and liquids 2.Gases in a liquid............................. As you increase pressure for a gas, the solubility goes up. As you decrease pressure for a gas, the solubility goes down.
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Colligative Properties In chemistry, colligative properties are properties of solutions that depend upon the ratio of the number of solute particles to the number of solvent molecules in a solution, and not on the type of chemical species present.
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Vapor Pressure Reduction go to this website and read his explanation
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Boiling Point elevation go to this site again
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Freezing point depression ditto
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